Guatemala - Rural Women Diversify Incomes and Build Resilience
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Supporting feminist, women’s rights and gender justice movements to thrive, to be a driving force in challenging systems of oppression, and to co-create feminist realities.
Building Feminist Economies is about creating a world with clean air to breath and water to drink, with meaningful labour and care for ourselves and our communities, where we can all enjoy our economic, sexual and political autonomy.
In the world we live in today, the economy continues to rely on women’s unpaid and undervalued care work for the profit of others. The pursuit of “growth” only expands extractivism - a model of development based on massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources that keeps destroying people and planet while concentrating wealth in the hands of global elites. Meanwhile, access to healthcare, education, a decent wage and social security is becoming a privilege to few. This economic model sits upon white supremacy, colonialism and patriarchy.
Adopting solely a “women’s economic empowerment approach” is merely to integrate women deeper into this system. It may be a temporary means of survival. We need to plant the seeds to make another world possible while we tear down the walls of the existing one.
We believe in the ability of feminist movements to work for change with broad alliances across social movements. By amplifying feminist proposals and visions, we aim to build new paradigms of just economies.
Our approach must be interconnected and intersectional, because sexual and bodily autonomy will not be possible until each and every one of us enjoys economic rights and independence. We aim to work with those who resist and counter the global rise of the conservative right and religious fundamentalisms as no just economy is possible until we shake the foundations of the current system.
Our Actions
Our work challenges the system from within and exposes its fundamental injustices:
Advance feminist agendas: We counter corporate power and impunity for human rights abuses by working with allies to ensure that we put forward feminist, women’s rights and gender justice perspectives in policy spaces. For example, learn more about our work on the future international legally binding instrument on “transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights” at the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Mobilize solidarity actions: We work to strengthen the links between feminist and tax justice movements, including reclaiming the public resources lost through illicit financial flows (IFFs) to ensure social and gender justice.
Build knowledge: We provide women human rights defenders (WHRDs) with strategic information vital to challenge corporate power and extractivism. We will contribute to build the knowledge about local and global financing and investment mechanisms fuelling extractivism.
Create and amplify alternatives: We engage and mobilize our members and movements in visioning feminist economies and sharing feminist knowledges, practices and agendas for economic justice.
“The corporate revolution will collapse if we refuse to buy what they are selling – their ideas, their version of history, their wars, their weapons, their notion of inevitability. Another world is not only possible, she is on her way. On a quiet day, I can hear her breathing”.
Arundhati Roy, War Talk
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Sexting Like a Feminist: Humor in the Digital Feminist Revolution Snippet Small
Sexting Like a Feminist: Humor in the Digital Feminist Revolution
by Chinelo Onwualu
On September 2nd, 2021, the amazing feminist and social justice activists of AWID’s Crear | Résister | Transform festival came together not only to share resistance strategies, co-create, and transform the world, but also to talk dirty on Twitter.
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Communicating Desire | Content Snippet
Communicating Desire
and Other Embodied Political Praxes
Communicating Desire
Host: We tend to think about communicating desire as something that is limited to the private intimacy of the bedroom and our personal relationships. But can we also think of this kind of communication as a structure, a praxis that informs our work, and how we are, how we do in the world?
Lindiwe
I believe that unfortunately in the past, expressing your sexuality has been limited. You were allowed to express it within the confines of your marriage, which was permitted, there have always been taboo and stigmas attached to expressing it any other way. When it comes to communicating, obviously the fact that certain stigmas are attached to expressing your sexuality or expressing your desire makes it a lot harder to communicate that in the bedroom or intimately with your partner. From my personal experience, I do believe that obviously if I feel more comfortable expressing myself outside of the bedroom on other matters or other topics, it’s easier for me to build that trust, because you understand conflict resolution with that particular person, you understand exactly how to make your communication special towards that particular person. It’s not easy. It’s something that is consistently done throughout whatever your engagement is, whether it’s your relationship or whether it’s casual and just in the moment. But I believe that confidence outside can definitely translate to how you communicate your desire.
Manal
Since childhood, a woman is raised with that, “you’re not allowed to talk about your body, you’re not allowed to talk about your desire,” which puts a heavy responsibility on women, especially girls in their teens when they need to express themselves and talk about these issues. So for me I think this is a big problem. You know, I have been married for more than 25 years, but still, until now, I cannot talk about my desires. I cannot say what I want or what I prefer, because it’s like I’m not allowed to go beyond this line. It’s like haram, despite it being my right. This is the case for all my friends, they just can’t express themselves in the right way.
Louise
Personally, I find that expressing our desires, my desires, however that expression comes in hand, has to do with the other, and the gaze that the other would have on me. So this is also something that we can link to cinema. And the gaze I would have on myself as well: what I think I am as an individual, but also what society expects of me and my sexuality. In the past, I somehow did the analogy between what happens in the bedroom and what happens in the workplace, because there is sometimes this dynamic of power, whether I want it or not. And oftentimes, verbal communication is harder than we think. But when it comes to representation in film, that’s a totally different game. We are very far away from what I guess all of us here would like to see on screen when it comes to just communicating sexual desires inside or outside the bedroom.
Online and Embodied
Host: We can think about the digital world as embodied: while it might be virtual, it is not less real. And this was made clear in the context of AWID’s feminist realities festival, which took place entirely online. What does it mean then to talk about sexuality, collectively, politically, in online spaces? Do we navigate virtual spaces with our bodies and affects, and in this case, what are the different considerations? What does it do to communication and representation?
Lindiwe
Social media makes you feel community-based. When you express what it is that you want or like, there is someone who’s either going to agree or disagree, but those who do agree make you feel that you belong to a community. So it’s easier to throw it out into the universe, or for others to see, and potentially not get as much judgment. And I say this very loosely because sometimes, depending on what it is that you’re expressing, it either will get you vilified or celebrated. But when it comes to the bedroom, there is an intimacy and almost a vulnerability that is exposing you and different parts of you that is not as easy to give your opinion on. When it comes to expressing your desire, speaking it and saying it and maybe putting a Tweet or a social media post, or even liking and reading other communities that are same-minded is a lot easier than telling your partner, “this is how I want to be pleasured” or “this is how what I want you to do next,” because of the fear of rejection. But not only that, just the vulnerability aspect – allowing yourself to be bare enough to let the other person see into what you are thinking, feeling, and wanting – I think this is where the difference would come in for me personally. I feel it is a lot more community-based on social media, and it’s easier to engage in discourse. Whereas in the bedroom, you don’t want to necessarily kill the moment. But I think that also kind of helps you understand going forward, depending on the relationship with the person, how you would engage thereafter. So I always know that if I try to communicate something and I fail to do so in the moment, I can always try to bring it up outside of that moment and see what the reaction would be so I know how to approach it going forward.
Louise
You know the question in films is, I don’t know if the male gaze is done intentionally or not. Like we don’t really know that. What we know is that the reason why sexuality in general has been so heternormative and focused on penetration and not giving any space for women to actually ask for anything in films, is because most of the people who have been working in this industry and making decisions in terms of, you know, storytelling and editing have been white men. So rape revenge is this very weird film genre that was birthed in the 70s, and half of the story would be that a woman is being raped by one or multiple people, and in the other half, she would get her revenge. So usually she would murder and kill the people who have raped her, and sometimes other people next to them. At the beginning of the birth of this genre and for 30 years at least, those films were written, produced, and directed by men. This is why we also want so much representation. A lot of feminists and pioneers in queer filmmaking also used the act of filming in order to do that and to reclaim their own sexuality. I’m thinking about Barbara Hammer, who’s a feminist and queer pioneer in experimental cinema in the U.S. where she decided to shoot women having sex on 16mm, and by doing so reclaimed a space within the narrative that was exposed in film at that time. And there is also then the question of invisibilization: we know now, because of the internet and sharing knowledge, that women and queer filmmakers have been trying and making films since the beginning of cinema. We only realize it now that we have access to databases and the work of activists and curators and filmmakers.
Resisting Colonization
Host: And this opens up the conversation on the importance of keeping our feminist histories alive. The online worlds have also played a crucial role in documenting protests and resistance. From Sudan to Palestine to Colombia, feminists have taken our screens by storm, challenging the realities of occupation, capitalism, and oppression. So could we speak of communicating desire – the desire for something else – as decolonization?
Manal
Maybe because my village is just 600 residents and the whole village is one family – Tamimi – there are no barriers between men and women. We do everything together. So when we began our non-violent resistance or when we joined the non-violent resistance in Palestine, there was no discussion whether women should participate or not. We took a very important role within the movement here in the village. But when other villages and other places began to join our weekly protests, some men thought that if these women participate or join the protests, they will fight with soldiers so it will be like they’re easy women. There were some men who were not from the village who tried to sexually harass the women. But a strong woman who is able to stand in front of a soldier can also stand against sexual harassment. Sometimes, when other women from other places join our protest, they are shy at first; they don’t want to come closer because there are many men. If you want to join the protest, if you want to be part of the non-violent movement, you have to remove all these restrictions and all these thoughts from your mind. You have to focus on just fighting for your rights. Unfortunately, the Israeli occupation realizes this issue. For example, the first time I was arrested, I wear the hijab so they tried to take it off; they tried to take off my clothes, in front of everybody. There were like 300-400 people and they tried to do it. When they took me to the interrogation, the interrogator said: “we did this because we want to punish other women through you. We know your culture.” So I told him: “I don’t care, I did something that I believe in. Even if you take all my clothes off, everybody knows that Manal is resisting.”
Lindiwe
I think even from a cultural perspective, which is very ironic, if you look at culture in Africa, prior to getting colonized, showing skin wasn’t a problem. Wearing animal skin and/or hides to protect you, that wasn’t an issue and people weren’t as sexualized unless it was within context. But we conditioned ourselves to say, “you should be covered up” and the moment you are not covered up you are exposed, and therefore it will be sexualized. Nudity gets sexualized as opposed to you just being naked; they don’t want a little girl to be seen naked. What kind of society have we conditioned ourselves to be if you’re going to be sexualizing someone who is naked outside of the context of a sexual engagement? But environment definitely plays a big role because your parents and your grannies and your aunts say “no, don’t dress inappropriately,” or “no, that’s too short.” So you hear that at home first, and then the moment you get exposed outside, depending on the environment, whether it’s a Eurocentric or more westernized environment to what you are used to, then you are kind of free to do so. And even then, as much as you are free, there’s still a lot that comes with it in terms of catcalling and people still sexualizing your body. You could be wearing a short skirt, and someone feels they have the right to touch you without your permission. There is so much that is associated with regulating and controlling women’s bodies, and that narrative starts at home. And then you go out into your community and society and the narrative gets perpetuated, and you realize that you get sexualized by society at large too, especially as a person of color.
Resistance as Pleasure
Host: And finally, in what ways can our resistance be more than what we are allowed? Is there a place for pleasure and joy, for us and our communities?
Louise
Finding pleasure as resistance and resistance in pleasure, first for me there is this idea of the guerrilla filmmaking or the action of filming when you’re not supposed to or when someone told you not to, which is the case for a lot of women and queer filmmakers in the world right now. For example, in Lebanon, which is a cinema scene that I know very well, most of the lesbian stories that I’ve seen were shot by students in very short formats with “no production value” as the west would say – meaning with no money, because of the censorship that happens on an institutional level, but also within the family and within the private sphere. I would think that filming whatever, but also filming pleasure and pleasure within lesbian storytelling is an act of resistance in itself. A lot of times, just taking a camera and getting someone to edit and someone to act is extremely hard and requires a lot of political stance.
Lindiwe
I have a rape support group. I’m trying to assist women to reintegrate themselves from a sexual perspective: wanting to be intimate again, wanting to not let their past traumas influence so much how they move forward. It’s not an easy thing, but it’s individual. So I always start with understanding your body. I feel the more you understand and love and are proud of it, the more you are able to allow someone else into that space. I call it sensuality training, where I get them to start seeing themselves as not sexual objects, but as objects of pleasure and desire that can be interchangeable. So you’re worthy of receiving as well as giving. But that’s not only from a psychological point of view; it is physical. When you get out of the shower, you get out of the bath, and you’re putting lotion on your body, look at every part of your body, feel every part of your body, know when there are changes, know your body so well that should you get a new pimple on your knee, you are so aware of it because just a few hours ago it wasn’t there. So things like that where I kind of get people to love themselves from within, so they feel they are worthy of being loved in a safe space, is how I gear them towards claiming their sexuality and their desire.
Manal
You know we began to see women coming from Nablus, from Jerusalem, from Ramallah, even from occupied 48, who have to drive for 3-4 hours just to come to join the protests. After that we tried to go to other places, talk with women, tell them that they don’t have to be shy, that they should just believe in themselves and that there is nothing wrong in what we are doing. You can protect yourself, so where is the wrong in participating or in joining? Once I asked some women, “why are you joining?” And they said, “if the Tamimi women can do it, we can do it also.” To be honest I was very happy to hear this because we were like a model for other women. If I have to stand for my rights, it should be all my rights, not just one or two. We can’t divide rights.
Membership why page - Paz Romero
"This community is a place for connections, to understand our individual fights as part of global struggles, and sometimes even dance! There aren’t places like this online where you can meet real grassroots activists from all over the world and build solidarity and sisterhood."
- Paz Romero, Argentina
Clone of Mariam Mekiwi | Snippet AR
مريم مكيوي مخرجة أفلام ومصورة من الإسكندرية تعيش وتعمل في برلين.
📅 Wednesday, March 12, 2025
🕒 5.00-7.00pm EST
🏢 Chef's Kitchen Loft with Terrace, 216 East 45th St 13th Floor New York
Organizers: Women Enabled International and AWID
Hospital | Content Snippet AR
مستشفى
ترجمة مارينا سمير
«الآن قد يكون وقتًا مناسبًا لإعادة التفكير في الشكل الذي يمكن للثورة أن تتّخذه. ربما لن تبدو كمسيرةٍ من الأجساد الغاضبة والقادرة في الشوارع. ربما ستبدو وكأنّ العالم واقفٌ في ثباتٍ لأن جميع الأجساد الموجودة فيه منهَكة – حيثُ أنّه يجب إعطاء الأولوية للرعاية قبل فوات الأوان». - جوانا هيدفا
المستشفيات مؤسسات، ومواقع حيّة للرأسمالية، وما يحدث عندما يكون من المفترض أن يستريح شخصٌ ما ليس إلّا نموذجاً مصغّراً من النظام الأكبر. تَعمَد المؤسسات إلى فصلنا عن أنظمة رعايتنا – نَجِد أنفسنا معزولين في بُنى تراتبية راسخة، وغالبًا ما نشعر وكأنّ الرعاية هي شيء يُفعَل بنا بدلاً من أن تكون شيئًا يُعطى ويؤخَذ كجزء من محادثة. الرعاية المؤسسية معزولة بسبب اندماجها في الطلب الرأسمالي: شخص واحد يعالج رِجلك ورِجلك فقط، شخص آخر يعالج ضغط الدم وهكذا.
المستشفيات مؤسسات، ومواقع حيّة للرأسمالية، وما يحدث عندما يكون من المفترض أن يستريح شخصٌ ما ليس إلّا نموذجاً مصغّراً من النظام الأكبر. تَعمَد المؤسسات إلى فصلنا عن أنظمة رعايتنا – نَجِد أنفسنا معزولين في بُنى تراتبية راسخة، وغالبًا ما نشعر وكأنّ الرعاية هي شيء يُفعَل بنا بدلاً من أن تكون شيئًا يُعطى ويؤخَذ كجزء من محادثة. الرعاية المؤسسية معزولة بسبب اندماجها في الطلب الرأسمالي: شخص واحد يعالج رِجلك ورِجلك فقط، شخص آخر يعالج ضغط الدم وهكذا.
اضطرّت المصوّرة مريم مكيوي لإجراء عملية جراحية الشهر الماضي، ووثّقت هذا المسار. صورها للبيئات المعقّمة بألوانها الباهتة – أضواء نيون بيضاء وصفوف تلو صفوف من التكوينات المتكرّرة – تعكس مكانًا استُنزفت منه الحياة والحركة. كانت هذه إحدى الطرق التي حافظت بها مريم على بقاء روحها. لقد كان أحد أشكال الاحتجاج من داخل حدود مؤسسةٍ كان عليها التعامل معها.
تُشكّل الصور وصفًا لشيءٍ واهنٍ بشدّة، فمشاهدة شخصٍ ما وهو يعايش انهيار جسده هو دائمًا تذكير جليل بهشاشتنا. إنه أيضًا تذكير بهشاشة أنظمة الرعاية هذه، والتي قد تُمنَع عنّا لأسباب متعدّدة – بدايةً من عدم امتلاك الأموال وصولًا إلى عدم التواجد في جسدٍ يُعتبَر ذا قيمة كافية، فربما يكون أنثويًا أكثر مما ينبغي أو كويريًا أكثر مما ينبغي أو ملوَّنًا أكثر مما ينبغي.
الرعاية الانفرادية والمجرّدة من جوهرها والتي قد تُسلَب منّا في أي لحظة لا تساعدنا على الازدهار. وهي مختلفة تمامًا عن الطريقة التي يسلكها البشر عند رعاية بعضهم البعض. كم سيبدو عالمنا مختلفًا إذا التزمنا بتفكيك الهياكل الرأسمالية الحالية حول صحّتنا؟ كيف سيبدو إذا أعَدنا تخيُّلَه بشكل جذريّ؟
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If the positions advertised have closed, or just don’t match your area of interest and expertise, we suggest the following resources for your job search.
Snippet Kohl - Panel “un”Inclusive Feminism | AR
حلقة نقاش | النسوية “غير” الشاملة: فتيات بلا صوت في الحركة النسوية الهايتية
مع نايكي ليدان وفيدورا بيير-لوي
Please take a look at the existing propositions for inspiration before submitting your own idea. Someone might already be thinking along the same lines! Send your proposition to contribute@awid.org.
We will review and include new propositions on this webpage as they come.
Snippet - COP30 - Resistance Hubs Section Title - EN
AWID’s Tribute is an art exhibition honouring feminists, women’s rights and social justice activists from around the world who are no longer with us.
In 2020, we are taking a turn
This year’s tribute tells stories and shares narratives about those who co-created feminist realities, have offered visions of alternatives to systems and actors that oppress us, and have proposed new ways of organising, mobilising, fighting, working, living, and learning.
49 new portraits of feminists and Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) are added to the gallery. While many of those we honour have passed away due to old age or illness, too many have been killed as a result of their work and who they are.
This increasing violence (by states, corporations, organized crime, unknown gunmen...) is not only aimed at individual activists but at our joint work and feminist realities.
The stories of activists we honour keep their legacy alive and carry their inspiration forward into our movements’ future work.
The portraits of the 2020 edition are designed by award winning illustrator and animator, Louisa Bertman.
AWID would like to thank the families and organizations who shared their personal stories and contributed to this memorial. We join them in continuing the remarkable work of these activists and WHRDs and forging efforts to ensure justice is achieved in cases that remain in impunity.
“They tried to bury us. They didn’t know we were seeds.” - Mexican Proverb
The Tribute was first launched in 2012
It took shape with a physical exhibit of portraits and biographies of feminists and activists who passed away at AWID’s 12th International Forum, in Turkey. It now lives as an online gallery, updated every year.
“Now I know we are all simply children of the universe.”
Menke Meijer’s path was often rocky. “I had mountains of sticks put in my wheels, people trying to stop me, but it has only helped me push harder and further”, she says. Her story is one of strength, dedication, vision, patience, liberation, and one of breaking down multiple barriers.
“I would have to say I’m fighting two fronts: the first being the fight for gender equality and the second being the fight against a history of colonization and racism.”
Menke at the Great Wall of China
As a Métis woman from a “very poor background”, Menke faced numerous obstacles, seeing her biggest challenge as “simply being a woman, and in certain cases being an aboriginal woman”. She has been confronted with sexism and racism. The stigma and dangers rooted in racism have influenced her way in finding her position and identity as an aboriginal woman. “My family was quite reluctant to speak about our origins” but eventually through Menke’s efforts they “started to open up on the subject.” During her undergraduate and graduate studies, Menke took all the courses she could on the subject of First Peoples in Canada in order to learn more about her origins.
“I’ve been working hard on decolonizing myself and helping my family in reclaiming our identities.”
Part of this work were decisions Menke took, and the biggest and most important being her “decision to pursue education”. She was aware that this “meant a dangerous gamble with hefty student debt” but she also realized that, in comparison to her previous experience in minimum wage work, this was a much more rewarding journey for her.
“I picked to pursue my passions no matter the hardship. It has changed who I am positively, as well as my life.”
Menke obtained a Bachelor’s degree in History from Concordia University in Montreal, winning a merit-based Gordon Ritchie Award/Scholarship. Yet, while studying about slavery, war, and genocide she felt frustrated and in addition to books, she wanted to “take action”. Menke decided to pursue a Master’s degree in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Waterloo, focusing her Master’s work on gender in conflict and peacebuilding, gender in humanitarian aid, and especially on women in China.
“I’m the first woman to hold a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree on both sides of my family. I’m breaking down gender and racial barriers. I’ve never felt so alive and accomplished. I feel liberated.”
In China, Menke completed a five-month internship with UN Women, for her “an extraordinary experience in extraordinary settings.” During this time, she was invited as a guest speaker at Tsinghua University in Beijing for the Lean In MBA event where, through her own story, she spoke about overcoming ‘roadblocks’ women face in seeking education. As part of her story she shared, “I was raised by a single mother in poverty and had to face many challenges to further my education”.
Much of Menke’s work towards overcoming multiple challenges and striving for change has been pushed by anger, coming from obstacles that were in her way. “Anger can be destructive, but it can also be creative. My challenges anger me, but they also push me to strive for better.”
Striving for better also means having many dreams “for all women, no matter they be white, black, Asian, or any colour, creed or walk of life”. Menke wants “the world to validate women” as “nothing is more moving than being told that you are just a human”.
A bit more about Menke
She had the opportunity to be part of a team that helped establish the Global Peace Centre Canada (GPCC) in Waterloo, initiated by the director of the Master’s of Peace and Conflict Studies program Ziauddin Yousafzai (and Malala Yousafzai’s father). The vision and goal of the GPCC are peace and education for all boys and girls.
Menke was born in British-Columbia, grew up in Quebec and is currently living in Ontario, Canada.
Read Menke’s short story
She wrote a short story entitled “Feeding Wolves”, based on her life as a Métis woman and aboriginal peoples’ experiences in Canada. About the story Menke said that “only three characters are female…I did this on purpose to not only expose a theme of patriarchy that is strongly present in settler society even to this day, but to show how the women are missing from the narrative...”
«Ahora sé que somos simplemente hijas e hijos del universo».
El camino de Menke Meijer a menudo fue escabroso. «Tenía muchísimos palos en la rueda, gente que intentaba detenerme, pero todo eso me sirvió para poner más empeño y llegar cada vez más lejos», afirma. La suya es una historia de fortaleza, dedicación, visión, paciencia, liberación y superación de múltiples obstáculos.
«Diría que doy batalla en dos frentes: el primero es la lucha por la igualdad de género y el segundo la lucha contra una historia de colonización y racismo».
Menke en la Gran Muralla China
Como mujer métis de un «entorno muy pobre», Menke enfrentó numerosos obstáculos; para ella, el principal desafío fue «tan solo ser mujer, y en ciertos casos ser mujer indígena». Debió hacer frente al sexismo y al racismo. El estigma y los peligros que se derivan del racismo incidieron en su forma de encontrar su lugar y su identidad como mujer originaria. «Mi familia era bastante renuente a hablar de nuestros orígenes», pero finalmente gracias al esfuerzo de Menke, «comenzó a abrirse al tema». Durante sus estudios de pregrado y de grado, Menke tomó todos los cursos que pudo sobre los Pueblos Originarios de Canadá para aprender más sobre sus raíces.
«He trabajado profundamente para descolonizarme y ayudar a mi familia a reivindicar nuestras identidades».
Parte de ese trabajo fueron las decisiones que tomó, y la más grande e importante fue la de «estudiar». Sabía que eso «constituía una apuesta peligrosa, porque implicaba asumir una deuda abultada», pero también se dio cuenta de que, en comparación con su experiencia anterior de trabajar por un salario mínimo, con el estudio se le abría un camino más promisorio.
«Escogí seguir mis pasiones sin importar las dificultades. Eso cambió para bien no solo la persona que soy, sino mi vida entera».
Menke obtuvo una licenciatura en Historia en la Universidad de Concordia (Montreal), con una Beca/Distinción por mérito Gordon Ritchie. Sin embargo, mientras estudiaba la esclavitud, las guerras y los genocidios se sintió frustrada y quiso «entrar en acción» más allá de los libros. Por eso, decidió hacer una maestría en Estudios sobre Paz y Resolución de Conflictos en la Universidad de Waterloo, enfocando su trabajo de tesis en género, conflictos y consolidación de la paz; género y ayuda humanitaria; y sobre todo en las mujeres de China.
«En las dos ramas de mi familia, soy la primera mujer en obtener una licenciatura y una maestría. Estoy rompiendo barreras de género y raciales. Nunca me había sentido tan viva y realizada. Me siento liberada».
En China, Menke realizó un pasantía de cinco meses de duración con ONU Mujeres, que en su opinión fue «una experiencia extraordinaria en lugares extraordinarios». Durante ese tiempo, fue convocada por la Universidad de Tsinghua en Beijing como oradora invitada para el evento Lean In MBA donde, a través de su propia historia, habló (disponible en inglés) de la superación de las barreras con las que tropiezan las mujeres cuando quieren estudiar. Contó que «Fui criada en la pobreza por una madre soltera y tuve que hacer frente a muchos desafíos para avanzar en mi educación».
La motivación de Menke para superar diversos desafíos y luchar por el cambio fue, en buena parte, la ira que le despertaron los obstáculos que se le presentaban en el camino. «La ira puede ser destructiva, pero también puede ser creativa. Los desafíos me enfadan, pero también me empujan a luchar por algo mejor».
Luchar por algo mejor significa también tener muchos sueños «para todas las mujeres, sin importar si son blancas, negras, asiáticas o de cualquier otro color, credo o condición social». Menke desea que «el mundo valide a las mujeres», pues «nada es más movilizador como que te digan que eres un ser humano como cualquier otro».
Algunos datos más sobre Menke
Tuvo oportunidad de formar parte del equipo que ayudó a crear el Global Peace Centre Canada [GPCC, Centro Mundial para la Paz de Canadá] en Waterloo, fundado por el director de la Maestría en Estudios sobre Paz y Resolución de Conflictos, Ziauddin Yousafzai (padre de Malala Yousafzai). La visión y el objetivo del GPCC son lograr la paz y la educación para todos los niños y las niñas.
Menke nació en la Columbia Británica, creció en Quebec y actualmente reside en Ontario, Canadá.
Lee un cuento escrito por Menke
Menke escribió un cuento titulado «Feeding Wolves», (disponible en inglés) basado en su vida como mujer métis y en las experiencias de los pueblos originarios en Canadá. Sobre el cuento, Menke expresó que «Solo tres de sus personajes son mujeres ... Eso lo hice a propósito no solo para poner en evidencia el tema del patriarcado que está muy presente en la sociedad de los colonos incluso hasta hoy, sino también para mostrar de qué manera las mujeres están ausentes de la narrativa...».
« Je sais maintenant que nous sommes toutes et tous simplement des enfants de l’univers. »
Le parcours de Menke Meijer a été semé d’embûches. « On m’a mis une quantité inimaginable de bâtons dans les roues, de nombreuses personnes ont tenté de m’arrêter. Mais ils ont seulement réussi à me faire déployer davantage d’énergie pour aller encore plus loin », déclare-t-elle. Son existence a été faite de force, de dévouement, de vision, de patience, de libération et, pour cela, elle a dû surmonter de multiples obstacles.
« Je dirais que je me bats sur deux fronts : le premier étant la lutte pour l’égalité de genre et le second, la lutte contre toute une histoire de colonisation et de racisme. »
Menke sur la Grande Muraille de Chine
Femme de la nation métis (lien en anglais) et « d’origine très pauvre », Menke a été confrontée à de nombreux obstacles, le défi le plus grand qu’elle ait eu à relever étant « le simple fait d’être une femme et, dans certains cas, d’être une femme aborigène ». Elle a souffert du sexisme et du racisme. La stigmatisation et les dangers qui prennent leur source dans le racisme ont pavé le chemin qui lui a permis de se positionner et de définir son identité de femme aborigène. « Les membres de ma famille étaient réticent-e-s à parler de nos origines » mais finalement, grâce aux efforts déployés par Menke, ils/elles ont « commencé à s’ouvrir sur ce sujet ». Pendant ses études universitaires de premier cycle et des cycles supérieurs, Menke a choisi de suivre tous les cours existants sur le thème des peuples des Premières Nations du Canada, dans le but d’en apprendre davantage sur ses origines.
« J’ai travaillé dur pour me décoloniser par moi-même et pour aider ma famille à se réapproprier son identité. »
Pour accomplir ce travail, Menke a notamment dû prendre des décisions, parmi lesquelles la plus grande et la plus importante a été « la décision de poursuivre (s)es études ». Elle était consciente du fait que ce choix « étaient un pari risqué, parce que les prêts étudiants créent un lourd endettement ». Mais elle savait aussi que, en comparaison avec les emplois au salaire minimum qu’elle avait occupés, le chemin qui s’ouvrait devant elle serait beaucoup plus gratifiant.
« J’ai fait le choix de vivre mes passions, quel qu’en soit le prix. Cela m’a changée dans le sens positif du terme, et cela a changé ma vie. »
Menke a obtenu une licence en histoire à l’Université Concordia de Montréal, et a remporté la bourse Gordon Ritchie, une récompense fondée sur le mérite. Mais, en étudiant l’esclavage, les guerres et les génocides, elle s’est sentie frustrée. En plus de se plonger dans les livres, elle voulait « agir ». Elle a donc décidé de préparer un master en études de la paix et des conflits à l’Université de Waterloo, son mémoire de master portant principalement sur les thèmes suivants : le genre dans les conflits et la consolidation de la paix, le genre dans l’aide humanitaire et, plus particulièrement, les femmes en Chine.
« Je suis la première femme des deux branches de ma famille à être titulaire d’une licence universitaire et d’un master. J’ai brisé les barrières du genre et de la race. Je ne me suis jamais sentie aussi vivante et aussi accomplie. Je me sens libérée. »
En Chine, Menke a effectué un stage de cinq mois au sein de l’ONU Femmes, « une expérience extraordinaire dans un environnement extraordinaire », déclare-t-elle. Pendant cette période, elle a été invitée par la Tsinghua University de Beijing à s’exprimer lors d’un événement Lean In destiné aux étudiant-e-s de MBA. Par le biais de sa propre histoire, elle a évoqué les moyens de forcer les « barrages » qui empêchent les femmes de poursuivre leurs études. Elle a notamment partagé sa propre histoire en ces mots : « j’ai été élevée dans la pauvreté par une mère célibataire. J’ai dû surmonter de nombreux obstacles pour parfaire ma formation. »
Dans son travail sur les moyens de surmonter des difficultés multiples et de tendre vers le changement, Menke a été motivée par la colère, celle qu’elle a ressentie face aux difficultés qu’elle a elle-même dû surmonter. « Le peur peut détruire, mais elle peut aussi être source de création. Les défis auxquels j’ai été confrontée m’ont mise en colère, mais ils m’ont aussi poussée à tendre vers le meilleur. »
C’est précisément parce qu’elle tend vers le meilleur que Menke a de nombreux rêves « pour toutes les femmes, qu’elles soient blanches, noires, asiatiques ou de n’importe quelle couleur, peu importent leurs convictions religieuses et leur chemin de vie. » Menke veut que « le monde reconnaisse les femmes », car « rien n’est plus touchant que de s’entendre dire qu’on est juste un être humain ».
Quelques éléments complémentaires au sujet de Menke
Elle a eu la possibilité de faire partie de l’équipe qui a contribué à la création du Global Peace Centre Canada (GPCC) de Waterloo, un projet mené à l’initiative du directeur du programme de master en études de la paix et des conflits, Ziauddin Yousafzai (le père de Malala Yousafzai). La vision et la finalité du GPCC sont la paix et l’éducation pour tous les garçons et toutes les filles.
Menke est née en Colombie-Britannique, a grandi à Québec et vit maintenant dans l’Ontario, au Canada.
Lisez la nouvelle écrite par Menke
Menke a écrit une nouvelle intitulée « Feeding Wolves » (Nourrir les loups). Elle est basée sur sa vie de femme de la nation métis et sur le vécu des peuples aborigènes du Canada. À ce sujet, Menke a déclaré : « seuls trois des personnages sont des femmes… il s’agit d’un parti pris volontaire car je voulais aller plus loin que de simplement traiter du patriarcat, un thème encore très présent dans la société coloniale. Je voulais montrer que les femmes sont absentes du récit. »
Often, marginalized populations and people living in poverty face numerousobstacles in accessing justice, including high legal costs, discrimination and a general lack of information. This has made accessing justice more of a commodity of the wealthy and influential than a right for all. In this regard, “we as a global society have not truly progressed beyond feudal times.” says the Global Alliance for Legal Aid (GALA).
To help change some of the existent inequalities in accessing justice, GALA, an association of jurists, provides freelegal aid and public interest advocacy to those who most need it, specifically in Global South countries.
“GALA: where no advocate is an island.”
Current Global Initiatives
It is often difficult for certain groups and individuals to find free legal assistance. This includes victims of a land grab, those suffering harm due to environmental pollution or other bodily harm by illegal government or corporate conduct, abused women seeking to file for divorce, or those who have been deceived by providers of unregulated financial services. For example, as a result of a pyramid scheme in Uganda, thousands of people have lost millions of dollars. GALA currently represents 3,000 victims of this scheme by working together with its local partner, the head of the business/law faculty at Makerere University in Kampala.
"GALA’s issue scope ranges from public interest advocacy for victims of financial fraudsters; to land grab defense and prevention; environmental protection; prison reform; women’s and widow’s rights, migrants’ rights and legal aid for the poor."
GALA told us that, in Uganda, as a consequence of fraud by fake micro-finance institutions “several of the victims committed suicide” and that “the criminals are living openly, enjoying the fruits of their theft and the state has not prosecuted them.” The reason being that they have “paid off judges and politicians but the poor cannot pay for justice”. In addition to working in Uganda, the association has a new partnership in Kuwait and ongoing initiatives in Grenada.
Envisioning Legal Aid Clinics
Beyond GALA’s current initiatives, the association is planning further outreach in India and Greece, the ‘birthplace of democracy.’ The association describes simply undemocratic and unconstitutional that the Greek courts “have been requiring that persons who want to enforce their rights file a bond based on the potential value of the case.” This is a clear obstacle to enforcing rights of the marginalized and poor parts of the society. So, one of the projects GALA is thinking about are legal aid clinics.
“What we have found thus far is that in places where GALA is working, there are not any legal aid clinics or pro bono lawyers.”
This of course takes not only much planning but also funding. GALA is now working on a feasibility study in Kampala and Grenada aiming to start supplying legal aid and establishing its own clinics. It’s hard to imagine but the association told us that in Grenada (population of 100,000) “there is no legal aid provided on the island whatsoever, [there are] only 12 criminal defense lawyers” and there no law faculty. In fact:
“The ‘local’ university is in reality a US medical school.”- GALA
Grenada human rights representative Milton Coy and GALA Executive Director Jami Solli
In such a difficult case and environment, as GALA described, the association will be starting from ground zero but is determined to offer legal aid and information “both to the accused who are incarcerated ‘on remand’ awaiting trial, and to crime victims”. The association is considering seeking support of law students from other countries but with the supervision by a local lawyer and the Grenada Human Rights Association, GALA’s affiliate.
Similarly in Uganda, GALA envisions 2016 as a year where they would start providing legal aid through law students supervised by a law professor or practitioner and through GALA’s local partner, the head of the business/law faculty at Makerere University. Stay tuned for this!
“A taste of Justice”
To support its mission, ongoing and planned initiatives, GALA sells fair trade products such as its current offer, coffee from Uganda through a partnership with Thanksgiving coffee. GALA plans to establish other fair trade product sales and distribution in order to sell a product from every country where it provides legal aid or supports a public interest case. Here you can visit GALA's coffee online store.
A menudo, las poblaciones marginadas y las personas que viven en la pobreza se enfrentan a muchos obstáculos para acceder a la justicia, como por ejemplo los costos elevados de los trámites legales, la discriminación y la falta de información en general. Por esto, el acceso a la justicia se ha convertido en una mercancía de las personas acaudaladas e influyentes más que en un derecho de toda la ciudadanía. En este sentido «como sociedad global no hemos avanzado verdaderamente después del feudalismo», afirma la Global Alliance for Legal Aid (GALA, la Alianza Mundial por la Asistencia Letrada).
Para cambiar algunas de las desigualdades imperantes en el acceso a la justicia, GALA — una asociación de juristas — presta asistencia jurídica gratuita y promueve los litigios de interés público para quienes más lo necesitan, en especial en los países del sur global.
«GALA: donde no hay activistas que sean islas».
Iniciativas mundiales en curso
En general, para determinados grupos e individuos resulta difícil encontrar asistencia letrada gratuita. Esto incluye a víctimas de la apropiación de tierras, de la contaminación ambiental o a quienes que padecen otros daños físicos producto de comportamientos ilegales gubernamentales o corporativos; a mujeres maltratadas que buscan presentar una demanda de divorcio; o a quienes han sido víctimas de estafa por prestadores de servicios financieros no regulados. Por ejemplo, como resultado de un esquema piramidal en Uganda, miles de personas han perdido millones de dólares. GALA actualmente representa a 3000 de las víctimas de ese esquema. Para ello trabaja con su contraparte local, la máxima autoridad de la Facultad de Comercio/Derecho de la Universidad de Makerere en Kampala.
«Las temáticas de las que se ocupa GALA cubren desde los litigios de interés público a favor de las víctimas de fraude financiero, hasta la prevención y la defensa contra la apropiación de tierras, la protección ambiental, la reforma penitenciaria, los derechos de las mujeres y las viudas, los derechos de las personas migrantes y la asistencia jurídica para personas pobres.»
GALA nos cuenta que en Uganda, como consecuencia del fraude cometido por falsas entidades de microfinanzas , «se suicidaron varias víctimas» y que «los delincuentes están viviendo en libertad, disfrutando de los frutos de su estafa y el Estado no los ha procesado». Esto se debe a que «han pagado a jueces y políticos, pero las personas pobres no pueden pagar para tener justicia». Además de trabajar en Uganda, GALA ha forjado una nueva alianza en Kuwait y tiene iniciativas en marcha en Granada.
Planes para establecer centros de asistencia letrada
Además de las iniciativas actuales de GALA, la asociación planea extenderse a la India y a Grecia, la ‘cuna de la democracia’. Para GALA, que los tribunales griegos «exijan a las personas que desean hacer cumplir sus derechos que paguen un arancel en función del valor potencial del caso que interpongan» es sencillamente «antidemocrático e inconstitucional». Se trata sin dudas de un obstáculo para que las franjas más marginadas y pobres de la sociedad puedan realizar sus derechos. Por eso, uno de los proyectos que GALA está pensando desarrollar en Grecia consiste en la creación de centros de asistencia letrada.
«Lo que hemos encontrado hasta ahora es que en aquellos lugares en los que GALA está trabajando no existen clínicas ni profesionales que brinden asistencia letrada (gratuita)».
Esto requiere desde luego no solo mucha planificación sino además financiamiento. GALA está trabajando ahora en un estudio de viabilidad en Kampala y otro en Granada para comenzar a prestar asistencia jurídica y establecer sus propios centros. Es difícil de imaginar pero GALA nos dijo que en Granada (con una población de 100 000 habitantes) «no se presta ningún tipo de asistencia jurídica: existen únicamente 12 penalistas que defienden a personas acusadas» y ninguna Facultad de Derecho.
«La única universidad ‘local’ es en realidad una escuela de medicina de los Estados Unidos». GAL
Representante de derechos humanos (en Granada) Milton Coy y Jami Solli, Directora Ejecutiva de GALA
Frente a situaciones y contextos tan difíciles como los que describió GALA, la asociación comenzará desde cero pero con la determinación de brindar asistencia e información letradas “«tanto a las personas acusadas y que se encuentran cumpliendo prisión preventiva es espera del juicio, como a las víctimas de delitos». La asociación está considerando buscar el apoyo de estudiantes de derecho de otros países quienes trabajarían bajo la supervisión de un abogado o abogada local y de la Grenada Human Rights Association [Asociación de Derechos Humanos de Granada], afiliada a GALA.
En Uganda, GALA prevé que en 2016 podría comenzar a brindar asistencia jurídica a través de estudiantes de derecho bajo la supervisión de un profesor o profesora o profesional en ejercicio y a través de la contraparte local de GALA, la máxima autoridad de la Facultad de Comercio/Derecho de la Universidad de Makerere. ¡Mantente en contacto para conocer las novedades!
«El sabor de la justicia»
Para apoyar su misión, las iniciativas en curso y las planificadas, GALA vende productos basados en el principio de comercio justo y en este momento está ofreciendo café de Uganda a través de una alianza con Thanksgiving Coffee. GALA tiene pensado vender y distribuir otros productos elaborados a partir de ese mismo principio provenientes de cada uno de los países donde brinda asistencia letrada o presta apoyo para litigios de interés público. Aquí puedes visitar la tienda de café en línea de GALA. (en inglés)
Ponte en contacto con GALA escribiendo a membership@awid.org o mediante una búsqueda en nuestro directorioen línea (con acceso permitido solo para afiliadas/os
Il est fréquent que les populations marginalisées et les personnes vivant dans la pauvreté doivent composer avec une série d’obstacles qui les empêchent d’avoir accès à la justice. Il suffit de citer les frais juridiques élevés, la discrimination et le manque généralisé d’information. Ces situations ont fait de l’accès à la justice l’apanage des gens riches et influents, plutôt qu’un droit pour tout un chacun. À cet égard, « en tant que société mondiale, nous n’avons pas réellement progressé au-delà de l’époque féodale », affirme l’Alliance mondiale pour l’aide juridique (Global Alliance for Legal Aid, GALA).
Afin de contribuer à modifier certaines des inégalités actuelles sur le plan de l’accès à la justice, GALA, une alliance de juristes, offre gratuitement des services d’aide juridique et de défense de l’intérêt public pour ceux qui en ont le plus besoin, particulièrement dans les pays de l’hémisphère sud.
« GALA : où aucun et aucune activiste n’est une île. »
Initiatives mondiales actuelles
Certains groupes et individus éprouvent souvent des difficultés à trouver de l’aide juridique gratuite. On peut notamment évoquer les victimes d’accaparement des terres; les personnes subissant des préjudices découlant de la pollution environnementale ou d’autres lésions corporelles en raison de la conduite gouvernementale illégale ou du comportement des grandes sociétés; les femmes dont on a abusé qui souhaitent divorcer; ou encore les personnes qui ont été leurrées par des fournisseurs de services financiers non réglementés. Par exemple, suivant la mise en place d’un système pyramidal en Ouganda, des milliers de personnes ont perdu des millions de dollars. GALA représente actuellement 3 000 victimes de ce système, en collaborant avec son partenaire local, la direction de la faculté de droit/d’administration de l’Université Makerere de Kampala.
« Les enjeux qui préoccupent GALA ont une vaste portée et ils touchent entre autres aux sphères suivantes : la défense de l’intérêt public pour les victimes de fraudeurs financiers; la défense et la prévention liées à l’accaparement des terres; la protection environnementale; la réforme carcérale; les droits des femmes et des veuves; les droits des migrants; et l’aide juridique destinée aux personnes vivant dans la pauvreté. »
GALA nous affirmait qu’en Ouganda, à la suite d’une fraude impliquant de fausses institutions de microfinance, « plusieurs victimes se sont suicidées » et que « les criminels vivent au vu et au su de tous, profitant des fruits de leurs délits, l’État n’ayant intenté aucune poursuite à leur endroit ». Il en est ainsi parce qu’ils « ont soudoyé les juges et les politiciens, alors que les personnes pauvres ne peuvent se permettre de payer pour obtenir justice ». En plus des efforts investis en Ouganda, l’alliance a établi un nouveau partenariat au Koweït et dirige des initiatives en cours à la Grenade.
Créer des cliniques d’aide juridique
Outre les initiatives qui occupent actuellement GALA, l’alliance planifie des percées en Inde et en Grèce, le ‘berceau de la démocratie’. L’alliance estime tout simplement non démocratique et inconstitutionnel le fait que les tribunaux grecs « exigent que les personnes voulant faire valoir leurs droits versent un cautionnement en fonction de l’éventuelle valeur de la cause ». Il s’agit d’un obstacle évident à l’application des droits au sein des tranches marginalisées et pauvres de la société. Ainsi, l’un des projets qu’envisage GALA porte sur la création de cliniques d’aide juridique.
« À ce jour, nous avons constaté que dans les endroits où GALA est à l’œuvre, il n’existe pas de cliniques d’aide juridique ni d’avocats et avocates pro bono. »
Évidemment, ce projet exige non seulement une solide planification, mais également du financement. GALA est à élaborer une étude de faisabilité à Kampala et à la Grenade afin de commencer à offrir de l’aide juridique et à établir ses propres cliniques. Il est difficile de se l’imaginer, mais l’alliance nous a indiqué qu’à la Grenade (population de 100 000 habitants), « il n’existe absolument aucun service d’aide juridique sur l’île, [il n’y a] que 12 avocat-e-s de la défense » et aucune faculté de droit. En fait :
« L’université ‘locale’ est en fait une faculté de médecine américaine. » - GALA
Représentant des droits humains (à la Grenade) Milton Coy et Jami Solli, Directrice exécutive de GALA
Dans le contexte et l’environnement si pénibles que décrit GALA, l’alliance devra bâtir à partir de zéro. Elle est néanmoins déterminée à offrir de l’aide et de l’information juridiques « à la fois aux personnes accusées, incarcérées ‘en détention provisoire’ et en attente de procès et aux victimes de crimes ». GALA examine la possibilité de solliciter le soutien d’étudiant-e-s en droit d’autres pays qui seraient supervisés par un avocat ou une avocate de la localité. Elle souhaite également l’appui de la Grenada Human Rights Association, affiliée à GALA.
Toujours en Ouganda, GALA prévoit de commencer à offrir de l’aide juridique en 2016, avec l’aide d’étudiant-e-s en droit supervisés par un professeur de droit ou un praticien du domaine. Le projet sera réalisé en collaboration avec son partenaire local, soit la direction de la faculté de droit/d’administration de l’Université Makerere. Restez attentifs à cette évolution!
« Un goût de justice »
Pour soutenir sa mission, ainsi que les initiatives en cours et celles qui sont planifiées, GALA vend des produits de commerce équitable, notamment du café provenant d’Ouganda, par l’entremise d’un partenariat avec ThanksgivingCoffee. L’alliance prévoit de vendre et distribuer d’autres produits de commerce équitable afin de proposer un produit de chaque pays où elle offre de l’aide juridique ou soutient une cause d’intérêt public. Vous pouvez visiter ici la boutique de café en ligne tenue par GALA.
Connectez-vous :
Obtenez plus de renseignements sur GALA en visitant son site Web et sa page Facebook.
Our 2013 Annual Report provides key highlights of our work during the year to contribute to the advancement of women’s rights and gender equality worldwide.
2013 marked the beginning of our 2013-2016 Strategic Plan, developed in response to the current global context. This report provides highlights of our analysis of the global context, how we position ourselves as a global feminist membership organization in this context, the outcomes we seek to achieve, and how our work is organized to achieve these outcomes.
