Guatemala - Rural Women Diversify Incomes and Build Resilience
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Priority Areas
Supporting feminist, women’s rights and gender justice movements to thrive, to be a driving force in challenging systems of oppression, and to co-create feminist realities.
Building Feminist Economies is about creating a world with clean air to breath and water to drink, with meaningful labour and care for ourselves and our communities, where we can all enjoy our economic, sexual and political autonomy.
In the world we live in today, the economy continues to rely on women’s unpaid and undervalued care work for the profit of others. The pursuit of “growth” only expands extractivism - a model of development based on massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources that keeps destroying people and planet while concentrating wealth in the hands of global elites. Meanwhile, access to healthcare, education, a decent wage and social security is becoming a privilege to few. This economic model sits upon white supremacy, colonialism and patriarchy.
Adopting solely a “women’s economic empowerment approach” is merely to integrate women deeper into this system. It may be a temporary means of survival. We need to plant the seeds to make another world possible while we tear down the walls of the existing one.
We believe in the ability of feminist movements to work for change with broad alliances across social movements. By amplifying feminist proposals and visions, we aim to build new paradigms of just economies.
Our approach must be interconnected and intersectional, because sexual and bodily autonomy will not be possible until each and every one of us enjoys economic rights and independence. We aim to work with those who resist and counter the global rise of the conservative right and religious fundamentalisms as no just economy is possible until we shake the foundations of the current system.
Our Actions
Our work challenges the system from within and exposes its fundamental injustices:
Advance feminist agendas: We counter corporate power and impunity for human rights abuses by working with allies to ensure that we put forward feminist, women’s rights and gender justice perspectives in policy spaces. For example, learn more about our work on the future international legally binding instrument on “transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights” at the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Mobilize solidarity actions: We work to strengthen the links between feminist and tax justice movements, including reclaiming the public resources lost through illicit financial flows (IFFs) to ensure social and gender justice.
Build knowledge: We provide women human rights defenders (WHRDs) with strategic information vital to challenge corporate power and extractivism. We will contribute to build the knowledge about local and global financing and investment mechanisms fuelling extractivism.
Create and amplify alternatives: We engage and mobilize our members and movements in visioning feminist economies and sharing feminist knowledges, practices and agendas for economic justice.
“The corporate revolution will collapse if we refuse to buy what they are selling – their ideas, their version of history, their wars, their weapons, their notion of inevitability. Another world is not only possible, she is on her way. On a quiet day, I can hear her breathing”.
WHRDs are self-identified women and lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LBTQI) people and others who defend rights and are subject to gender-specific risks and threats due to their human rights work and/or as a direct consequence of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
WHRDs are subject to systematic violence and discrimination due to their identities and unyielding struggles for rights, equality and justice.
The WHRD Program collaborates with international and regional partners as well as the AWID membership to raise awareness about these risks and threats, advocate for feminist and holistic measures of protection and safety, and actively promote a culture of self-care and collective well being in our movements.
Risks and threats targeting WHRDs
WHRDs are exposed to the same types of risks that all other defenders who defend human rights, communities, and the environment face. However, they are also exposed to gender-based violence and gender-specific risks because they challenge existing gender norms within their communities and societies.
By defending rights, WHRDs are at risk of:
Physical assault and death
Intimidation and harassment, including in online spaces
Judicial harassment and criminalization
Burnout
A collaborative, holistic approach to safety
We work collaboratively with international and regional networks and our membership
to raise awareness about human rights abuses and violations against WHRDs and the systemic violence and discrimination they experience
to strengthen protection mechanisms and ensure more effective and timely responses to WHRDs at risk
We work to promote a holistic approach to protection which includes:
emphasizing the importance of self-care and collective well being, and recognizing that what care and wellbeing mean may differ across cultures
documenting the violations targeting WHRDs using a feminist intersectional perspective;
promoting the social recognition and celebration of the work and resilience of WHRDs ; and
building civic spaces that are conducive to dismantling structural inequalities without restrictions or obstacles
Our Actions
We aim to contribute to a safer world for WHRDs, their families and communities. We believe that action for rights and justice should not put WHRDs at risk; it should be appreciated and celebrated.
Promoting collaboration and coordination among human rights and women’s rights organizations at the international level to strengthen responses concerning safety and wellbeing of WHRDs.
Supporting regional networks of WHRDs and their organizations, such as the Mesoamerican Initiative for WHRDs and the WHRD Middle East and North Africa Coalition, in promoting and strengthening collective action for protection - emphasizing the establishment of solidarity and protection networks, the promotion of self-care, and advocacy and mobilization for the safety of WHRDs;
Increasing the visibility and recognition of WHRDs and their struggles, as well as the risks that they encounter by documenting the attacks that they face, and researching, producing, and disseminating information on their struggles, strategies, and challenges:
Mobilizing urgent responses of international solidarity for WHRDs at risk through our international and regional networks, and our active membership.
Related Content
«Ahora sé que somos simplemente hijas e hijos del universo».
«Ahora sé que somos simplemente hijas e hijos del universo».
El camino de Menke Meijer a menudo fue escabroso. «Tenía muchísimos palos en la rueda, gente que intentaba detenerme, pero todo eso me sirvió para poner más empeño y llegar cada vez más lejos», afirma. La suya es una historia de fortaleza, dedicación, visión, paciencia, liberación y superación de múltiples obstáculos.
«Diría que doy batalla en dos frentes: el primero es la lucha por la igualdad de género y el segundo la lucha contra una historia de colonización y racismo».
Menke en la Gran Muralla China
Como mujer métis de un «entorno muy pobre», Menke enfrentó numerosos obstáculos; para ella, el principal desafío fue «tan solo ser mujer, y en ciertos casos ser mujer indígena». Debió hacer frente al sexismo y al racismo. El estigma y los peligros que se derivan del racismo incidieron en su forma de encontrar su lugar y su identidad como mujer originaria. «Mi familia era bastante renuente a hablar de nuestros orígenes», pero finalmente gracias al esfuerzo de Menke, «comenzó a abrirse al tema». Durante sus estudios de pregrado y de grado, Menke tomó todos los cursos que pudo sobre los Pueblos Originarios de Canadá para aprender más sobre sus raíces.
«He trabajado profundamente para descolonizarme y ayudar a mi familia a reivindicar nuestras identidades».
Parte de ese trabajo fueron las decisiones que tomó, y la más grande e importante fue la de «estudiar». Sabía que eso «constituía una apuesta peligrosa, porque implicaba asumir una deuda abultada», pero también se dio cuenta de que, en comparación con su experiencia anterior de trabajar por un salario mínimo, con el estudio se le abría un camino más promisorio.
«Escogí seguir mis pasiones sin importar las dificultades. Eso cambió para bien no solo la persona que soy, sino mi vida entera».
Menke obtuvo una licenciatura en Historia en la Universidad de Concordia (Montreal), con una Beca/Distinción por mérito Gordon Ritchie. Sin embargo, mientras estudiaba la esclavitud, las guerras y los genocidios se sintió frustrada y quiso «entrar en acción» más allá de los libros. Por eso, decidió hacer una maestría en Estudios sobre Paz y Resolución de Conflictos en la Universidad de Waterloo, enfocando su trabajo de tesis en género, conflictos y consolidación de la paz; género y ayuda humanitaria; y sobre todo en las mujeres de China.
«En las dos ramas de mi familia, soy la primera mujer en obtener una licenciatura y una maestría. Estoy rompiendo barreras de género y raciales. Nunca me había sentido tan viva y realizada. Me siento liberada».
En China, Menke realizó un pasantía de cinco meses de duración con ONU Mujeres, que en su opinión fue «una experiencia extraordinaria en lugares extraordinarios». Durante ese tiempo, fue convocada por la Universidad de Tsinghua en Beijing como oradora invitada para el evento Lean In MBA donde, a través de su propia historia, habló (disponible en inglés) de la superación de las barreras con las que tropiezan las mujeres cuando quieren estudiar. Contó que «Fui criada en la pobreza por una madre soltera y tuve que hacer frente a muchos desafíos para avanzar en mi educación».
La motivación de Menke para superar diversos desafíos y luchar por el cambio fue, en buena parte, la ira que le despertaron los obstáculos que se le presentaban en el camino. «La ira puede ser destructiva, pero también puede ser creativa. Los desafíos me enfadan, pero también me empujan a luchar por algo mejor».
Luchar por algo mejor significa también tener muchos sueños «para todas las mujeres, sin importar si son blancas, negras, asiáticas o de cualquier otro color, credo o condición social». Menke desea que «el mundo valide a las mujeres», pues «nada es más movilizador como que te digan que eres un ser humano como cualquier otro».
Algunos datos más sobre Menke
Tuvo oportunidad de formar parte del equipo que ayudó a crear el Global Peace Centre Canada [GPCC, Centro Mundial para la Paz de Canadá] en Waterloo, fundado por el director de la Maestría en Estudios sobre Paz y Resolución de Conflictos, Ziauddin Yousafzai (padre de Malala Yousafzai). La visión y el objetivo del GPCC son lograr la paz y la educación para todos los niños y las niñas.
Menke nació en la Columbia Británica, creció en Quebec y actualmente reside en Ontario, Canadá.
Lee un cuento escrito por Menke
Menke escribió un cuento titulado «Feeding Wolves», (disponible en inglés) basado en su vida como mujer métis y en las experiencias de los pueblos originarios en Canadá. Sobre el cuento, Menke expresó que «Solo tres de sus personajes son mujeres ... Eso lo hice a propósito no solo para poner en evidencia el tema del patriarcado que está muy presente en la sociedad de los colonos incluso hasta hoy, sino también para mostrar de qué manera las mujeres están ausentes de la narrativa...».
« Je sais maintenant que nous sommes toutes et tous simplement des enfants de l’univers. »
Le parcours de Menke Meijer a été semé d’embûches. « On m’a mis une quantité inimaginable de bâtons dans les roues, de nombreuses personnes ont tenté de m’arrêter. Mais ils ont seulement réussi à me faire déployer davantage d’énergie pour aller encore plus loin », déclare-t-elle. Son existence a été faite de force, de dévouement, de vision, de patience, de libération et, pour cela, elle a dû surmonter de multiples obstacles.
« Je dirais que je me bats sur deux fronts : le premier étant la lutte pour l’égalité de genre et le second, la lutte contre toute une histoire de colonisation et de racisme. »
Menke sur la Grande Muraille de Chine
Femme de la nation métis (lien en anglais) et « d’origine très pauvre », Menke a été confrontée à de nombreux obstacles, le défi le plus grand qu’elle ait eu à relever étant « le simple fait d’être une femme et, dans certains cas, d’être une femme aborigène ». Elle a souffert du sexisme et du racisme. La stigmatisation et les dangers qui prennent leur source dans le racisme ont pavé le chemin qui lui a permis de se positionner et de définir son identité de femme aborigène. « Les membres de ma famille étaient réticent-e-s à parler de nos origines » mais finalement, grâce aux efforts déployés par Menke, ils/elles ont « commencé à s’ouvrir sur ce sujet ». Pendant ses études universitaires de premier cycle et des cycles supérieurs, Menke a choisi de suivre tous les cours existants sur le thème des peuples des Premières Nations du Canada, dans le but d’en apprendre davantage sur ses origines.
« J’ai travaillé dur pour me décoloniser par moi-même et pour aider ma famille à se réapproprier son identité. »
Pour accomplir ce travail, Menke a notamment dû prendre des décisions, parmi lesquelles la plus grande et la plus importante a été « la décision de poursuivre (s)es études ». Elle était consciente du fait que ce choix « étaient un pari risqué, parce que les prêts étudiants créent un lourd endettement ». Mais elle savait aussi que, en comparaison avec les emplois au salaire minimum qu’elle avait occupés, le chemin qui s’ouvrait devant elle serait beaucoup plus gratifiant.
« J’ai fait le choix de vivre mes passions, quel qu’en soit le prix. Cela m’a changée dans le sens positif du terme, et cela a changé ma vie. »
Menke a obtenu une licence en histoire à l’Université Concordia de Montréal, et a remporté la bourse Gordon Ritchie, une récompense fondée sur le mérite. Mais, en étudiant l’esclavage, les guerres et les génocides, elle s’est sentie frustrée. En plus de se plonger dans les livres, elle voulait « agir ». Elle a donc décidé de préparer un master en études de la paix et des conflits à l’Université de Waterloo, son mémoire de master portant principalement sur les thèmes suivants : le genre dans les conflits et la consolidation de la paix, le genre dans l’aide humanitaire et, plus particulièrement, les femmes en Chine.
« Je suis la première femme des deux branches de ma famille à être titulaire d’une licence universitaire et d’un master. J’ai brisé les barrières du genre et de la race. Je ne me suis jamais sentie aussi vivante et aussi accomplie. Je me sens libérée. »
En Chine, Menke a effectué un stage de cinq mois au sein de l’ONU Femmes, « une expérience extraordinaire dans un environnement extraordinaire », déclare-t-elle. Pendant cette période, elle a été invitée par la Tsinghua University de Beijing à s’exprimer lors d’un événement Lean In destiné aux étudiant-e-s de MBA. Par le biais de sa propre histoire, elle a évoqué les moyens de forcer les « barrages » qui empêchent les femmes de poursuivre leurs études. Elle a notamment partagé sa propre histoire en ces mots : « j’ai été élevée dans la pauvreté par une mère célibataire. J’ai dû surmonter de nombreux obstacles pour parfaire ma formation. »
Dans son travail sur les moyens de surmonter des difficultés multiples et de tendre vers le changement, Menke a été motivée par la colère, celle qu’elle a ressentie face aux difficultés qu’elle a elle-même dû surmonter. « Le peur peut détruire, mais elle peut aussi être source de création. Les défis auxquels j’ai été confrontée m’ont mise en colère, mais ils m’ont aussi poussée à tendre vers le meilleur. »
C’est précisément parce qu’elle tend vers le meilleur que Menke a de nombreux rêves « pour toutes les femmes, qu’elles soient blanches, noires, asiatiques ou de n’importe quelle couleur, peu importent leurs convictions religieuses et leur chemin de vie. » Menke veut que « le monde reconnaisse les femmes », car « rien n’est plus touchant que de s’entendre dire qu’on est juste un être humain ».
Quelques éléments complémentaires au sujet de Menke
Elle a eu la possibilité de faire partie de l’équipe qui a contribué à la création du Global Peace Centre Canada (GPCC) de Waterloo, un projet mené à l’initiative du directeur du programme de master en études de la paix et des conflits, Ziauddin Yousafzai (le père de Malala Yousafzai). La vision et la finalité du GPCC sont la paix et l’éducation pour tous les garçons et toutes les filles.
Menke est née en Colombie-Britannique, a grandi à Québec et vit maintenant dans l’Ontario, au Canada.
Lisez la nouvelle écrite par Menke
Menke a écrit une nouvelle intitulée « Feeding Wolves » (Nourrir les loups). Elle est basée sur sa vie de femme de la nation métis et sur le vécu des peuples aborigènes du Canada. À ce sujet, Menke a déclaré : « seuls trois des personnages sont des femmes… il s’agit d’un parti pris volontaire car je voulais aller plus loin que de simplement traiter du patriarcat, un thème encore très présent dans la société coloniale. Je voulais montrer que les femmes sont absentes du récit. »
“Now I know we are all simply children of the universe.”
Menke Meijer’s path was often rocky. “I had mountains of sticks put in my wheels, people trying to stop me, but it has only helped me push harder and further”, she says. Her story is one of strength, dedication, vision, patience, liberation, and one of breaking down multiple barriers.
“I would have to say I’m fighting two fronts: the first being the fight for gender equality and the second being the fight against a history of colonization and racism.”
Menke at the Great Wall of China
As a Métis woman from a “very poor background”, Menke faced numerous obstacles, seeing her biggest challenge as “simply being a woman, and in certain cases being an aboriginal woman”. She has been confronted with sexism and racism. The stigma and dangers rooted in racism have influenced her way in finding her position and identity as an aboriginal woman. “My family was quite reluctant to speak about our origins” but eventually through Menke’s efforts they “started to open up on the subject.” During her undergraduate and graduate studies, Menke took all the courses she could on the subject of First Peoples in Canada in order to learn more about her origins.
“I’ve been working hard on decolonizing myself and helping my family in reclaiming our identities.”
Part of this work were decisions Menke took, and the biggest and most important being her “decision to pursue education”. She was aware that this “meant a dangerous gamble with hefty student debt” but she also realized that, in comparison to her previous experience in minimum wage work, this was a much more rewarding journey for her.
“I picked to pursue my passions no matter the hardship. It has changed who I am positively, as well as my life.”
Menke obtained a Bachelor’s degree in History from Concordia University in Montreal, winning a merit-based Gordon Ritchie Award/Scholarship. Yet, while studying about slavery, war, and genocide she felt frustrated and in addition to books, she wanted to “take action”. Menke decided to pursue a Master’s degree in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Waterloo, focusing her Master’s work on gender in conflict and peacebuilding, gender in humanitarian aid, and especially on women in China.
“I’m the first woman to hold a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree on both sides of my family. I’m breaking down gender and racial barriers. I’ve never felt so alive and accomplished. I feel liberated.”
In China, Menke completed a five-month internship with UN Women, for her “an extraordinary experience in extraordinary settings.” During this time, she was invited as a guest speaker at Tsinghua University in Beijing for the Lean In MBA event where, through her own story, she spoke about overcoming ‘roadblocks’ women face in seeking education. As part of her story she shared, “I was raised by a single mother in poverty and had to face many challenges to further my education”.
Much of Menke’s work towards overcoming multiple challenges and striving for change has been pushed by anger, coming from obstacles that were in her way. “Anger can be destructive, but it can also be creative. My challenges anger me, but they also push me to strive for better.”
Striving for better also means having many dreams “for all women, no matter they be white, black, Asian, or any colour, creed or walk of life”. Menke wants “the world to validate women” as “nothing is more moving than being told that you are just a human”.
A bit more about Menke
She had the opportunity to be part of a team that helped establish the Global Peace Centre Canada (GPCC) in Waterloo, initiated by the director of the Master’s of Peace and Conflict Studies program Ziauddin Yousafzai (and Malala Yousafzai’s father). The vision and goal of the GPCC are peace and education for all boys and girls.
Menke was born in British-Columbia, grew up in Quebec and is currently living in Ontario, Canada.
Read Menke’s short story
She wrote a short story entitled “Feeding Wolves”, based on her life as a Métis woman and aboriginal peoples’ experiences in Canada. About the story Menke said that “only three characters are female…I did this on purpose to not only expose a theme of patriarchy that is strongly present in settler society even to this day, but to show how the women are missing from the narrative...”
Il est fréquent que les populations marginalisées et les personnes vivant dans la pauvreté doivent composer avec une série d’obstacles qui les empêchent d’avoir accès à la justice. Il suffit de citer les frais juridiques élevés, la discrimination et le manque généralisé d’information. Ces situations ont fait de l’accès à la justice l’apanage des gens riches et influents, plutôt qu’un droit pour tout un chacun. À cet égard, « en tant que société mondiale, nous n’avons pas réellement progressé au-delà de l’époque féodale », affirme l’Alliance mondiale pour l’aide juridique (Global Alliance for Legal Aid, GALA).
Afin de contribuer à modifier certaines des inégalités actuelles sur le plan de l’accès à la justice, GALA, une alliance de juristes, offre gratuitement des services d’aide juridique et de défense de l’intérêt public pour ceux qui en ont le plus besoin, particulièrement dans les pays de l’hémisphère sud.
« GALA : où aucun et aucune activiste n’est une île. »
Initiatives mondiales actuelles
Certains groupes et individus éprouvent souvent des difficultés à trouver de l’aide juridique gratuite. On peut notamment évoquer les victimes d’accaparement des terres; les personnes subissant des préjudices découlant de la pollution environnementale ou d’autres lésions corporelles en raison de la conduite gouvernementale illégale ou du comportement des grandes sociétés; les femmes dont on a abusé qui souhaitent divorcer; ou encore les personnes qui ont été leurrées par des fournisseurs de services financiers non réglementés. Par exemple, suivant la mise en place d’un système pyramidal en Ouganda, des milliers de personnes ont perdu des millions de dollars. GALA représente actuellement 3 000 victimes de ce système, en collaborant avec son partenaire local, la direction de la faculté de droit/d’administration de l’Université Makerere de Kampala.
« Les enjeux qui préoccupent GALA ont une vaste portée et ils touchent entre autres aux sphères suivantes : la défense de l’intérêt public pour les victimes de fraudeurs financiers; la défense et la prévention liées à l’accaparement des terres; la protection environnementale; la réforme carcérale; les droits des femmes et des veuves; les droits des migrants; et l’aide juridique destinée aux personnes vivant dans la pauvreté. »
GALA nous affirmait qu’en Ouganda, à la suite d’une fraude impliquant de fausses institutions de microfinance, « plusieurs victimes se sont suicidées » et que « les criminels vivent au vu et au su de tous, profitant des fruits de leurs délits, l’État n’ayant intenté aucune poursuite à leur endroit ». Il en est ainsi parce qu’ils « ont soudoyé les juges et les politiciens, alors que les personnes pauvres ne peuvent se permettre de payer pour obtenir justice ». En plus des efforts investis en Ouganda, l’alliance a établi un nouveau partenariat au Koweït et dirige des initiatives en cours à la Grenade.
Créer des cliniques d’aide juridique
Outre les initiatives qui occupent actuellement GALA, l’alliance planifie des percées en Inde et en Grèce, le ‘berceau de la démocratie’. L’alliance estime tout simplement non démocratique et inconstitutionnel le fait que les tribunaux grecs « exigent que les personnes voulant faire valoir leurs droits versent un cautionnement en fonction de l’éventuelle valeur de la cause ». Il s’agit d’un obstacle évident à l’application des droits au sein des tranches marginalisées et pauvres de la société. Ainsi, l’un des projets qu’envisage GALA porte sur la création de cliniques d’aide juridique.
« À ce jour, nous avons constaté que dans les endroits où GALA est à l’œuvre, il n’existe pas de cliniques d’aide juridique ni d’avocats et avocates pro bono. »
Évidemment, ce projet exige non seulement une solide planification, mais également du financement. GALA est à élaborer une étude de faisabilité à Kampala et à la Grenade afin de commencer à offrir de l’aide juridique et à établir ses propres cliniques. Il est difficile de se l’imaginer, mais l’alliance nous a indiqué qu’à la Grenade (population de 100 000 habitants), « il n’existe absolument aucun service d’aide juridique sur l’île, [il n’y a] que 12 avocat-e-s de la défense » et aucune faculté de droit. En fait :
« L’université ‘locale’ est en fait une faculté de médecine américaine. » - GALA
Représentant des droits humains (à la Grenade) Milton Coy et Jami Solli, Directrice exécutive de GALA
Dans le contexte et l’environnement si pénibles que décrit GALA, l’alliance devra bâtir à partir de zéro. Elle est néanmoins déterminée à offrir de l’aide et de l’information juridiques « à la fois aux personnes accusées, incarcérées ‘en détention provisoire’ et en attente de procès et aux victimes de crimes ». GALA examine la possibilité de solliciter le soutien d’étudiant-e-s en droit d’autres pays qui seraient supervisés par un avocat ou une avocate de la localité. Elle souhaite également l’appui de la Grenada Human Rights Association, affiliée à GALA.
Toujours en Ouganda, GALA prévoit de commencer à offrir de l’aide juridique en 2016, avec l’aide d’étudiant-e-s en droit supervisés par un professeur de droit ou un praticien du domaine. Le projet sera réalisé en collaboration avec son partenaire local, soit la direction de la faculté de droit/d’administration de l’Université Makerere. Restez attentifs à cette évolution!
« Un goût de justice »
Pour soutenir sa mission, ainsi que les initiatives en cours et celles qui sont planifiées, GALA vend des produits de commerce équitable, notamment du café provenant d’Ouganda, par l’entremise d’un partenariat avec ThanksgivingCoffee. L’alliance prévoit de vendre et distribuer d’autres produits de commerce équitable afin de proposer un produit de chaque pays où elle offre de l’aide juridique ou soutient une cause d’intérêt public. Vous pouvez visiter ici la boutique de café en ligne tenue par GALA.
Connectez-vous :
Obtenez plus de renseignements sur GALA en visitant son site Web et sa page Facebook.
Often, marginalized populations and people living in poverty face numerousobstacles in accessing justice, including high legal costs, discrimination and a general lack of information. This has made accessing justice more of a commodity of the wealthy and influential than a right for all. In this regard, “we as a global society have not truly progressed beyond feudal times.” says the Global Alliance for Legal Aid (GALA).
To help change some of the existent inequalities in accessing justice, GALA, an association of jurists, provides freelegal aid and public interest advocacy to those who most need it, specifically in Global South countries.
“GALA: where no advocate is an island.”
Current Global Initiatives
It is often difficult for certain groups and individuals to find free legal assistance. This includes victims of a land grab, those suffering harm due to environmental pollution or other bodily harm by illegal government or corporate conduct, abused women seeking to file for divorce, or those who have been deceived by providers of unregulated financial services. For example, as a result of a pyramid scheme in Uganda, thousands of people have lost millions of dollars. GALA currently represents 3,000 victims of this scheme by working together with its local partner, the head of the business/law faculty at Makerere University in Kampala.
"GALA’s issue scope ranges from public interest advocacy for victims of financial fraudsters; to land grab defense and prevention; environmental protection; prison reform; women’s and widow’s rights, migrants’ rights and legal aid for the poor."
GALA told us that, in Uganda, as a consequence of fraud by fake micro-finance institutions “several of the victims committed suicide” and that “the criminals are living openly, enjoying the fruits of their theft and the state has not prosecuted them.” The reason being that they have “paid off judges and politicians but the poor cannot pay for justice”. In addition to working in Uganda, the association has a new partnership in Kuwait and ongoing initiatives in Grenada.
Envisioning Legal Aid Clinics
Beyond GALA’s current initiatives, the association is planning further outreach in India and Greece, the ‘birthplace of democracy.’ The association describes simply undemocratic and unconstitutional that the Greek courts “have been requiring that persons who want to enforce their rights file a bond based on the potential value of the case.” This is a clear obstacle to enforcing rights of the marginalized and poor parts of the society. So, one of the projects GALA is thinking about are legal aid clinics.
“What we have found thus far is that in places where GALA is working, there are not any legal aid clinics or pro bono lawyers.”
This of course takes not only much planning but also funding. GALA is now working on a feasibility study in Kampala and Grenada aiming to start supplying legal aid and establishing its own clinics. It’s hard to imagine but the association told us that in Grenada (population of 100,000) “there is no legal aid provided on the island whatsoever, [there are] only 12 criminal defense lawyers” and there no law faculty. In fact:
“The ‘local’ university is in reality a US medical school.”- GALA
Grenada human rights representative Milton Coy and GALA Executive Director Jami Solli
In such a difficult case and environment, as GALA described, the association will be starting from ground zero but is determined to offer legal aid and information “both to the accused who are incarcerated ‘on remand’ awaiting trial, and to crime victims”. The association is considering seeking support of law students from other countries but with the supervision by a local lawyer and the Grenada Human Rights Association, GALA’s affiliate.
Similarly in Uganda, GALA envisions 2016 as a year where they would start providing legal aid through law students supervised by a law professor or practitioner and through GALA’s local partner, the head of the business/law faculty at Makerere University. Stay tuned for this!
“A taste of Justice”
To support its mission, ongoing and planned initiatives, GALA sells fair trade products such as its current offer, coffee from Uganda through a partnership with Thanksgiving coffee. GALA plans to establish other fair trade product sales and distribution in order to sell a product from every country where it provides legal aid or supports a public interest case. Here you can visit GALA's coffee online store.
A menudo, las poblaciones marginadas y las personas que viven en la pobreza se enfrentan a muchos obstáculos para acceder a la justicia, como por ejemplo los costos elevados de los trámites legales, la discriminación y la falta de información en general. Por esto, el acceso a la justicia se ha convertido en una mercancía de las personas acaudaladas e influyentes más que en un derecho de toda la ciudadanía. En este sentido «como sociedad global no hemos avanzado verdaderamente después del feudalismo», afirma la Global Alliance for Legal Aid (GALA, la Alianza Mundial por la Asistencia Letrada).
Para cambiar algunas de las desigualdades imperantes en el acceso a la justicia, GALA — una asociación de juristas — presta asistencia jurídica gratuita y promueve los litigios de interés público para quienes más lo necesitan, en especial en los países del sur global.
«GALA: donde no hay activistas que sean islas».
Iniciativas mundiales en curso
En general, para determinados grupos e individuos resulta difícil encontrar asistencia letrada gratuita. Esto incluye a víctimas de la apropiación de tierras, de la contaminación ambiental o a quienes que padecen otros daños físicos producto de comportamientos ilegales gubernamentales o corporativos; a mujeres maltratadas que buscan presentar una demanda de divorcio; o a quienes han sido víctimas de estafa por prestadores de servicios financieros no regulados. Por ejemplo, como resultado de un esquema piramidal en Uganda, miles de personas han perdido millones de dólares. GALA actualmente representa a 3000 de las víctimas de ese esquema. Para ello trabaja con su contraparte local, la máxima autoridad de la Facultad de Comercio/Derecho de la Universidad de Makerere en Kampala.
«Las temáticas de las que se ocupa GALA cubren desde los litigios de interés público a favor de las víctimas de fraude financiero, hasta la prevención y la defensa contra la apropiación de tierras, la protección ambiental, la reforma penitenciaria, los derechos de las mujeres y las viudas, los derechos de las personas migrantes y la asistencia jurídica para personas pobres.»
GALA nos cuenta que en Uganda, como consecuencia del fraude cometido por falsas entidades de microfinanzas , «se suicidaron varias víctimas» y que «los delincuentes están viviendo en libertad, disfrutando de los frutos de su estafa y el Estado no los ha procesado». Esto se debe a que «han pagado a jueces y políticos, pero las personas pobres no pueden pagar para tener justicia». Además de trabajar en Uganda, GALA ha forjado una nueva alianza en Kuwait y tiene iniciativas en marcha en Granada.
Planes para establecer centros de asistencia letrada
Además de las iniciativas actuales de GALA, la asociación planea extenderse a la India y a Grecia, la ‘cuna de la democracia’. Para GALA, que los tribunales griegos «exijan a las personas que desean hacer cumplir sus derechos que paguen un arancel en función del valor potencial del caso que interpongan» es sencillamente «antidemocrático e inconstitucional». Se trata sin dudas de un obstáculo para que las franjas más marginadas y pobres de la sociedad puedan realizar sus derechos. Por eso, uno de los proyectos que GALA está pensando desarrollar en Grecia consiste en la creación de centros de asistencia letrada.
«Lo que hemos encontrado hasta ahora es que en aquellos lugares en los que GALA está trabajando no existen clínicas ni profesionales que brinden asistencia letrada (gratuita)».
Esto requiere desde luego no solo mucha planificación sino además financiamiento. GALA está trabajando ahora en un estudio de viabilidad en Kampala y otro en Granada para comenzar a prestar asistencia jurídica y establecer sus propios centros. Es difícil de imaginar pero GALA nos dijo que en Granada (con una población de 100 000 habitantes) «no se presta ningún tipo de asistencia jurídica: existen únicamente 12 penalistas que defienden a personas acusadas» y ninguna Facultad de Derecho.
«La única universidad ‘local’ es en realidad una escuela de medicina de los Estados Unidos». GAL
Representante de derechos humanos (en Granada) Milton Coy y Jami Solli, Directora Ejecutiva de GALA
Frente a situaciones y contextos tan difíciles como los que describió GALA, la asociación comenzará desde cero pero con la determinación de brindar asistencia e información letradas “«tanto a las personas acusadas y que se encuentran cumpliendo prisión preventiva es espera del juicio, como a las víctimas de delitos». La asociación está considerando buscar el apoyo de estudiantes de derecho de otros países quienes trabajarían bajo la supervisión de un abogado o abogada local y de la Grenada Human Rights Association [Asociación de Derechos Humanos de Granada], afiliada a GALA.
En Uganda, GALA prevé que en 2016 podría comenzar a brindar asistencia jurídica a través de estudiantes de derecho bajo la supervisión de un profesor o profesora o profesional en ejercicio y a través de la contraparte local de GALA, la máxima autoridad de la Facultad de Comercio/Derecho de la Universidad de Makerere. ¡Mantente en contacto para conocer las novedades!
«El sabor de la justicia»
Para apoyar su misión, las iniciativas en curso y las planificadas, GALA vende productos basados en el principio de comercio justo y en este momento está ofreciendo café de Uganda a través de una alianza con Thanksgiving Coffee. GALA tiene pensado vender y distribuir otros productos elaborados a partir de ese mismo principio provenientes de cada uno de los países donde brinda asistencia letrada o presta apoyo para litigios de interés público. Aquí puedes visitar la tienda de café en línea de GALA. (en inglés)
Ponte en contacto con GALA escribiendo a membership@awid.org o mediante una búsqueda en nuestro directorioen línea (con acceso permitido solo para afiliadas/os
In her own words, Ruth Acheinegeh (AWID member since 2010) is a “young woman in her early thirties, full of energy and cheerfulness in her encounters with those around her and with one leg affected by polio.”
She owns and runs a local market stall in Bamenda, Cameroon which also sells bags and clothing made by a local group of women with disabilities. This is a valuable source of financial support for Ruth, and also enables her to partly support her family.
"What keeps me going is the spirit of moving and creating a new spotlight for many more women with disabilities not only in Cameroon but all over the world, hoping to have an inclusive society for all."
Strengthen leadership skills
Staff from AWID met Ruth in August 2010 in Eugene, Oregon, United States, at the Mobility International USA’s (MIUSA) Women's Institute on Leadership and Disability (WILD) that brought together numerous women leaders with disabilities from all over the world to “strengthen leadership skills, create new visions and build international networks of support.” After returning to Cameroon, Ruth created the North West Association for Women with Disabilities, the first ever women’s group in Bamenda focusing only on women’s issues. It now counts 40 members and Ruth is passing on the knowledge she gained in Eugene in the areas of economic empowerment, health, and information and technology.
Ruth is a trail blazer, change-maker, visionary, and a traveler with an incredible sense of humor. In 2012 she participated in the 12th AWID International Forum in Istanbul Turkey which brought together a number of African women with disabilities who subsequently organised their first workshop in Malawi.
Still a big gap
And even though much work has been done and progress achieved, as Ruth points out, there is “still a big gap looking at the low literacy rate among women with disabilities” in the region. So to help advance change, in June 2015 Ruth took part in a highly competitive training-of-trainers program held by MIUSA after which she brought together 20 women with disabilities from 20 different council areas in her region. This was the first of its kind in the country and offered training in human rights, governance and management in that area. In spite of her skills, experience and educational background, including a Bachelor’s degree in Management and Accountancy from the International University Bamenda, Ruth has been unable to find work which she says is, “due to the fact that I have a disability.”
"I think that I am one of those that have the calling of changing the lives of women with disabilities all over the world, not only in my community."
Apart from managing her market stall, Ruth works with local women with disabilities to encourage them to establish economic projects and independence. Through this group she has made connections with international initiatives, global feminist activists and disability researchers which has opened new channels of learning and travel. Despite her own financial challenges and being unable to improve her own life by buying a “much-need wheelchair or new crutches”, Ruth says she “clearly holds her social and economic independence dear”.
As a woman immersed in a range of local, national and international social networks (the latter particularly through her disability work), how Ruth constitutes herself and the strength of her connections constantly shift as she “moves from daughter to sister to income provider.”
Continuing our engagement with Ruth as our member, ally and friend we are extremely excited to meet her again at our upcoming 13th AWID International Forum in Brasil! She is a co-presenter in a session on “Proper” roles and precarious lives: women with disabilities disrupting patriarchy.
Ruth Acheinegeh (afiliada de AWID desde 2010) se define a sí misma como «una joven de poco más de treinta años, que se relaciona llena de energía y buen humor con quienes la rodean y tiene una pierna afectada por la polio». Es dueña de un puesto que ella atiende en el mercado local de Bamenda, Camerún, donde también vende bolsos y ropa que fabrica un grupo local de mujeres discapacitadas. El puesto es una fuente importante de apoyo financiero para Ruth y también le permite, en parte, mantener a su familia.
«Lo que me mantiene en pie es mi deseo de movilizar y darles visibilidad a muchas más mujeres discapacitadas no solo en Camerún sino en todo el mundo, con la esperanza de que tengamos una sociedad más incluyente para todas y todos.»
Fortalecer las habilidades
Personal de AWID conoció a Ruth en agosto de 2010 en Eugene, Oregón, Estados Unidos, durante el Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability [WILD, Instituto sobre Liderazgo y Discapacidad para Mujeres], de la organización Mobility International USA (MIUSA, Movilidad Internacional de Estados Unidos), que convocó a muchas lideresas discapacitadas provenientes de todo el mundo a fin de «fortalecer sus habilidades para el liderazgo, generar nuevas visiones y construir redes de apoyo internacionales». Tras su regreso a Camerún, Ruth creó la North West Association for Women with Disabilities [Asociación para Mujeres Discapacitadas del Noroeste], primer grupo centrado solo en cuestiones de mujeres que fue creado en Bamenda. Ya cuenta con 40 integrantes y Ruth les está transmitiendo lo que aprendió en Eugene sobre empoderamiento económico, salud e información y tecnología.
Ruth es una pionera, creadora de cambios, visionaria y viajera con un enorme sentido del humor. En 2012 participó del 12º Foro Internacional de AWID realizado en Estambul, Turquía, que reunió a varias mujeres africanas discapacitadas quienes luego organizaron su primer taller en Malaui.
Un gran tema pendiente
Y aunque se ha trabajado mucho y ha habido avances, como señala Ruth, «todavía tenemos un gran tema pendiente que es la baja tasa de alfabetización entre las mujeres discapacitadas» en la región. A fin de impulsar cambios, en junio de 2015 Ruth participó en el muy competitivo programa de formación de formadoras/es organizado por MIUSA y luego reunió a 20 mujeres discapacitadas de 20 distritos de la región donde vive. Fue la primera formación de esta clase que se hizo en el país y los contenidos incluyeron derechos humanos, gobernanza y gestión en el área de la discapacidad. Pese a sus capacidades, experiencia y formación académica que incluye una Licenciatura en Gestión y Contaduría otorgada por la Universidad Internacional de Bamenda, Ruth no ha logrado conseguir empleo, lo cual en su opinión «se debe al hecho de que tengo una discapacidad».
«Creo que soy una de las personas que están llamadas a cambiar las vidas de las mujeres con discapacidades en todo el mundo, no solo en mi comunidad.»
Además de atender su puesto en el mercado, Ruth trabaja con mujeres discapacitadas de su área para alentarlas a generar proyectos económicos y ser independientes. A través de este grupo se ha conectado con iniciativas internacionales, activistas feministas y personas que investigan sobre discapacidad a nivel global, accediendo así a nuevas oportunidades para aprender y viajar. Pese a sus propias dificultades económicas y a que no puede mejorar su vida comprando «algo que necesito mucho: una silla de rueda o unas muletas nuevas», Ruth afirma que su «independencia social y económica es muy valiosa» para ella.
Como mujer inmersa en varias redes locales, nacionales e internacionales (en estas últimas sobre todo gracias a su trabajo en temáticas de discapacidad), la forma en que Ruth se define a sí misma y la intensidad de sus vínculos varían todo el tiempo ya que «paso de hija a hermana y luego a proveedora de ingresos».
Dado que en AWID seguimos vinculándonos con Ruth como afiliada, aliada y amiga, estamos muy entusiasmadas pues volveremos a verla en el 13º Foro Internacional de AWID en Brasil. Ruth será una de las ponentes en la sesión sobre Roles ‘apropiados’ y vidas precarias: Las mujeres discapacitadas subvierten el patriarcado.
Selon ses propres mots, Ruth Acheinegeh (membre de l'AWID depuis 2010) est « une jeune trentenaire pleine d’énergie et de joie de vivre qu’elle aime partager avec ceux qui l’entourent et dont une jambe a été atteinte par la polio ».
Elle possède et gère un petit étal au marché de Bamenda au Cameroun qui vend également des sacs et des vêtements réalisés par un groupe local de femmes handicapées. Cette activité est une source financière précieuse pour Ruth, qui lui permet également de soutenir en partie sa famille.
« Ce qui me motive, c’est l’esprit qui nous fait avancer et inspirer l’espoir d’une société inclusive et ouverte à beaucoup d’autres femmes handicapées, pas seulement au Cameroun mais partout dans le monde. »
Renforcer les compétences
L’équipe de l’AWID a rencontré Ruth en août 2010 à Eugene en Oregon aux États-Unis lors du Women's Institute on Leadership and Disability (l’Institut des femmes sur le leadership et le handicap, WILD en anglais), organisé par Mobility International USA (MIUSA). Cet événement a rassemblé de nombreuses femmes leaders handicapées avec l’objectif de renforcer leurs compétences, d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives et de créer des réseaux internationaux de soutien mutuel. Après son retour au Cameroun, Ruth a créé la North West Association for Women with Disabilities (Association pour les femmes handicapées du Nord-Ouest), le premier groupe de femmes de Bamenda qui ne s’occupe que de thèmes propres aux femmes. L’association compte actuellement 40 membres et Ruth leur transmet les savoirs reçus à Eugene sur l’autonomisation économique, la santé et l’usage des technologies de l’information.
Ruth est une actrice de changement, pionnière et visionnaire et aussi une voyageuse dotée d’un incroyable sens de l’humour. En 2012, elle a participé au 12e Forum international de l’AWID à Istanbul en Turquie qui a permis à plusieurs femmes africaines handicapées de se rencontrer et, par la suite, d’organiser leur premier atelier au Malawi.
Un écart important à combler
Même si un travail important et des progrès ont été réalisés, comme Ruth le souligne « il y a encore un écart important à combler quand on voit les faibles taux d’alphabétisation parmi les femmes handicapées dans la région ». Afin de contribuer à faire progresser le changement, Ruth a pris part en juin 2015 à un programme très réputé de formation de formatrices (WILD) organisé par MIUSA à la suite duquel elle a rassemblé 20 femmes handicapées issues de 20 communes de sa région. C’était le premier événement du genre au pays à offrir une formation sur les droits humains, la gouvernance et la gestion dans ce domaine. Malgré ses compétences, son expérience et son parcours d’études qui inclut un baccalauréat en gestion et comptabilité de l’Université internationale de Bamenda, Ruth n’a pas trouvé de travail « du fait que je suis handicapée », dit-elle.
« Je pense faire partie de celles et ceux qui se sentent appelés à changer la vie de femmes handicapées partout dans le monde et pas seulement dans ma communauté. »
En plus de gérer son étal, Ruth travaille avec des femmes handicapées de sa localité pour les encourager à entreprendre des projets de nature économique et à acquérir leur indépendance. Grâce à ce groupe, elle a tissé des liens avec des initiatives internationales, avec des activistes féministes du monde entier et avec des chercheur-euse-s spécialistes du handicap, ce qui a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives de voyage et d’apprentissage. Malgré ses propres défis financiers et sa difficulté à améliorer son existence en achetant « la chaise roulante ou les nouvelles béquilles dont elle a grandement besoin», Ruth déclare qu’elle « tient énormément à son indépendance économique et sociale ».
En tant que femme engagée dans une série de réseaux sociaux locaux, nationaux et internationaux (ces derniers particulièrement grâce à son travail sur le handicap), la manière dont Ruth se présente et la solidité de ses relations est en constante mutation car elle « passe d’un rôle de fille, à celui de sœur, à celui de soutien économique ».
Dans la prolongation de notre engagement auprès de Ruth qui est notre membre, alliée et amie, nous sommes très enthousiastes à l’idée de la retrouver lors du 13ème Forum international de l’AWID au Brésil ! Elle interviendra dans la session Rôles « appropriés » et vies précarisées : des femmes handicapées gênent le patriarcat.
Isaac Oriafo Ejakhegbe trabaja en el sector sin fines de lucro y su labor se ha centrado primordialmente en la igualdad de género, el cambio climático y la promoción de la salud, incluyendo la salud materna e infantil. Es Líder Juvenil de Women Deliver [Las mujeres dan a luz/cumplen] y en este momento trabaja en el Women’s Health and Action Research Centre [Centro de Investigación y Acción por la Salud de las Mujeres], organización no gubernamental en Nigeria que defiende la salud reproductiva y el bienestar social de las mujeres. Como fundador de la Youth Spotlight Initiative [Iniciativa Juventud en Primer Plano], Isaac también se dedica específicamente a promover la salud y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las personas jóvenes, abordando asimismo aspectos de la infección por VIH.
Isaac completó una Maestría en Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas a la Salud en la Facultad de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Ghana, donde se le reconoció como el mejor alumno de su promoción. Su tesis versó sobre la igualdad de género, el empoderamiento de las mujeres y el uso de anticonceptivos en la región occidental de Ghana.
Tras su graduación, Isaac trabajó como educador de pares voluntario del Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia en el marco del Proyecto Nacional de Salud Reproductiva y de Prevención, Tratamiento y Apoyo para el VIH y el SIDA en el norte de Nigeria. También desempeña el rol de Coordinador de Programa de la Iniciativa para Rehabilitación y Tratamiento del VIH y el SIDA, además de haber estado involucrado en diversos proyectos relacionados con trabajadoras/es comerciales del sexo.
Fortalecer las capacidades y el liderazgo de las mujeres y de la juventud es fundamental para que los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) puedan realizar todo su potencial.
Su trabajo de promoción de la salud ha incluido participación directa de las comunidades. Como Coordinador de Salud Comunitaria en la Clínica de Maternidad Joy [Alegría], ubicada en el estado de Edo, Nigeria, proporcionó activamente educación para la salud y apoyo social a personas de la comunidad. Mientras realizaba esa tarea, Isaac se inscribió en un programa virtual y obtuvo dos Certificados: uno en Investigación Clínica y Salud Pública de la Facultad de Salud Pública de Harvard y otro en Desafíos de la Pobreza Global, del Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts.
Toda política medioambiental/climática exitosa debe ser integral: reducir las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, metano y otros gases de efecto invernadero, promoviendo al mismo tiempo un ambiente limpio pero sin dejar de trabajar por la salud sostenible para todas las personas.
Yannia Sofía Garzón Valencia I am a Black woman and a community weaver. I live in Santander de Quilichao in Cauca, Colombia. I am interested in the creative processes that organize sustainable collective life. I like exchanging thoughts and cooking, investigating and analyzing, planting seeds and learning from plants, reading and playing. I am currently coordinating the observatory of gender-based violence against afro-descendant communities in Colombia (@VigiaAfro).
The three of us were “sharing” the afternoon in a neighborhood south of Bogota.
There was an unusually large green playing area and we sat on little wooden stools under an elderberry tree. We were finally experiencing that other form of love – that pleasure of being together and listening to each other. For me, these kinds of chats are among the expressions of love that life had only recently allowed me to enjoy. I had not known this other form of love – the kinds found outside workshops, activist spaces, classrooms, or workplaces – to be possible. Yet we three friends spent the afternoon amongst ourselves and we did not pretend to be blind to the color of our respective skins. Rather, it was a lived factor that allowed us to intimately discuss the similarities and differences in our childhood and youthful experiences.
Those chats were unrelated to any upcoming activities of the Black movement in Colombia, but they still nourish me and acquire new meanings. Our closeness was woven through coming together, recognizing each other, and identifying the uniqueness of our liberations. And by realizing there is not just one but many paths to liberation – those paths we inhabited every time we said “no” and rebelled. Far from feeling discomfort, we met in an authenticity made of weakness and strength, one which brought us closer instead of separating us.
Our purpose on that beautiful afternoon was to just be – to have an awareness of simply being amongst ourselves. We walked through our pasts so that the memories that stayed with us were those we decided to keep as ours, and not those that fear let through and found a place for. We remembered exact fragments of TV shows, and sang songs written by artists who had taught us about loving well, hating well, cursing like the worst villain, and suffering like the best leading lady.
We told each other about our school pranks, and what remained in our subconscious after being exposed to the many ways the media repeats the same thing – after the teachers and nuns at school overexposed us to stories so that we would identify with and appropriate Cinderella’s aspirations for our own lives. This would set the tone for the rest of our story: the drama of the impoverished and diminished girl who is yet to achieve her full value through an act that redeems her condition. And that act can only be brought about by the gaze of a male who, at the very least, is white, hence deserving of what is between our thighs – his “main aspiration” – and the “perfect realization of our dreams,” which we are told should then be our main aspiration.
There were three of us there that afternoon. Each had been brought up in a different part of the country, but it was fascinating that we could all still quote fragments and situations from songs and soap operas that often – as we realized by getting to know each other – shared codes or symbols that were replicated, with a few variations, in our homes, in our first relationships, and in our neighborhoods and schools. Brought up by “dramas” (is that what that very successful genre is called?) where the more you suffer, the more you deserve, the issue of “how and in which situations it is acceptable and legitimate to suffer” becomes an important mandate on how the person who suffers should be seen, what they should do, and whom they should be. Some of us managed to liberate ourselves and “learn” a definition of love that could only be learnt in adulthood, shattering illusions, and accepting natural sin. And becoming aware of the industrial production of a virgin, which we may refuse to look like as she has no place in our understanding, and the disappointment this alienation brings.
After singing, we reviewed our early sexual explorations. I never thought that most people experienced them before the age of nine and that even in adulthood, those experiences, those memories, remain a heavy burden. Even today, in thousands of places, millions of girls and boys see their innocence curtailed by lack of trust and the ignorance we present them with when they try to explore their bodies. Blaming curiosity is a most efficient control mechanism. We went back to the brief conversations we had when we changed the history of our lives from cursed Black beings to a perspective that rebirthed us. We remembered how many of our aunts and female cousins left their homes, their core, their roots, to seek a future outside, elsewhere.
The future comes with a price: it demands that those relationships that marked our childhood are reshaped and confined to oblivion. They are our foundations, but they are not relevant if we want to move ahead. For us, advancing was to learn by heart what we do to ourselves with the opportunities we find elsewhere. That it is elsewhere, and not within us, that opportunities lie, that we are available, that we need to be outside. However, for many of our aunts and female cousins, the few opportunities to enroll and stay in an evening class or take a sabbatical from domestic work were paid for by becoming the first sexual experience of relatives living in the future. A future for which others before them had also paid for, and whose price they had already forgotten. The demand for this payment arrived with the same inevitability as a public utility service bill. We will not take up that legacy.
In Colombia and Latin America, there was an etiquette manual called La urbanidad de Carreño (Carreño’s Etiquette Manual). It was mandatory reading until the 90s in both public and private schools. The manual conditioned how bodies were perceived and my mother, taken in and brought up by Carmelite nuns, knew it by heart. The first time I read it I had to stop more than once to rub my stomach, which hurt from laughing so much. It has ridiculous instructions such as: take a shower with your eyes closed and turn off the lights to wear your nightclothes. Different chapters address how one is to behave at home, in the street, and during a dinner or lunch party – in short, the norms of good taste and etiquette. The ethical core of good citizens was the urbanity that allowed one to distance oneself from rural life. The same manual indicated that shouting a greeting to an acquaintance on the other side of the street was indecorous; good manners dictate that you must cross the street. By the same token, men must remove their coats and place them over puddles of water if accompanying a woman whose shoes should not get wet. I thought about greeting someone across a river, and how it is so hot where we live that we don’t require coats.
"She learned that to care for her belly, she needed to keep her tissues warm, to avoid the cold that comes through the soft spot on the top of the head, through the feet, the ears, so it would not hurt particularly at moontime. For that, you need to be careful about what you eat and what you don’t eat, how you dress and how you walk, as all that has to do with girls’ health. The woman elder says that, from her devoted grandfather, she learnt that cramps became more common when houses no longer had floors made of mud and/or wood. When concrete and tiles came, when the material making up the house allowed the cold to come in through the feet, tension also grew in the belly tissue."
The manual’s author, Mr. Carreño is the opposite of the grandfather of a woman elder born in Turbo. She told me once that her grandfather was a wise man, that he told her about birthing and how to take care of her body. She learned that to care for her belly, she needed to keep her tissues warm, to avoid the cold that comes through the soft spot on the top of the head, through the feet, the ears, so it would not hurt, particularly at moontime. For that, you need to be careful about what you eat, how you dress, and how you walk, as all that has to do with a girl’s health. The woman elder said that, from her devoted grandfather, she learnt that cramps became more common when houses no longer had floors made of mud and/or wood. When concrete and tiles came, when the material making up the house allowed the cold to come in through the feet, tensions in the belly tissue also grew.
Surprised again. Such a distance between Don Carreño and the wise grandfather in terms of being aware of life – as distant as the mandates of proper behavior that stifle your impulses and senses, even the most common sense that values health. At that moment, I was able to understand one of the many ways that concrete obstructs the earth’s breathing, and our own as part of her. I had not realized there was, and still is, the architecture and materials for taking care of our bodies. In Colombia, as well as in other countries, the materials used to make houses are taken as indicators of multidimensional poverty. A house built with concrete moves the home away from being considered poor. This is just one disappointing example of how progress pushes us to abandon the relationship between our environment and our body. Good taste and urbanity pushes us outside: to move forward, they lie, you have to go out there.
It bothered us to realize that neither our mothers nor fathers had spoken to us about menstruation, except when the brown stain had already smeared our knickers. They failed to preserve us from the shame that was supposed to be a natural feeling once menstruation had come. Along with menstruation came the belly cramps often endured in silence, because there was work to be done; some cramps were due to cysts, hematomas, or fibroids that killed the grandmothers who had discovered and forgotten the healing treatments, and then were forgotten themselves. That our mothers and fathers’ breaths turned colder and colder, but the Outside froze familiarity and, instead of warming our bellies, passed judgment with advice similar to warnings of the only thing men care about. This was applied to all men – legitimizing the plundering role of the phallus, as if its only option was to take what we have between our legs. The multiple versions of that truth were replaced by an unmovable and deeply-set naturalization: telling all women that we must preserve ourselves for one of them, for the one that will first introduce his penis inside us, for the one that will give us something in exchange, and that we are women only because we aspire to and let him put it inside us. As a girl I explored little penises and clitorises and, in between games among girls, the question was whispered: whose turn is it to play man and whose turn is it to play woman? And the answer: the beginnings of little orgasms, regardless of with whom. I guess the same must happen among male bodies.
The experiences and explorations of our aunts, female cousins, and acquaintances focused on the body and its nudity as taboo. They avoided expressing and naming it, to the point of covering it up, assigning new names to its excreting, expelling, procreating, and, just for us women, its receiving functions. Once I heard a woman elder in a workshop say that when she was living with her grandmother, her memory was of this old woman sleeping with one eye open, the other closed, and a rifle by the mattress. The softest night sound was enough for her to grab the rifle and aim. This is a common situation in the Colombian Pacific, where some harmful behaviors are normalized. Married and single men who like a young woman would enter her room at night – we call it gateada. It was a risk: if those with authority in the home realized what was happening, abuse or not, the man could be hurt or even killed.
This practice of taking the law into one’s own hands has failed to put an end to gateadas, even today. In that same workshop – as I kept telling my sisters – other participants said that neither they nor their mothers would leave their daughters alone with their fathers at bath time, unless the girls were wearing underwear. I remembered then my father’s voice saying, when I was seven, your mother never let me bathe you. After sharing this, another woman responded that, in contrast, her father would give her a bath naked in the courtyard of her childhood home until she turned seven, and then her eldest brother did it until she turned nine. She never felt anything strange in the way they looked at her; for them, it was just another task in caring for the most spoiled child in the home. She remembered being seen for what she was: a daughter child, a sister child, who did not like the water.
Once again childhoods, yesterday and today. We were surprised by that story, and it comforted us. Even I had seen things being different elsewhere; my daughter’s father bathed her in the tub until she was almost two. Even before turning two, he would give her a few soft slaps upwards on her bum, to make it bigger, as he said. Here, we could also speak of other dimensions of how we construct our bodies, but that is a different story. For me, it was one care task, among many, that we agreed to divide between ourselves before the baby was born. And the decision to not see every man as a lurking rapist does not mean they are not rapists, but instead that they can stop being so. There are also men and male bodies that have been brought up to never be rapists.
This is still happening. It happened to a friend of ours and to my own daughter. I thought: how can it be that some women are coupled with men they cannot trust to care for their daughters? I am sure that my mum loved my dad. And even though we seldom speak about the woman she was before becoming my mum, I know her experiences of abuse cannot be compared to the brutality and over-tolerance of those of today. But that is still a decision many women in many places make, and that leads to other questions. How often, how repeated were cases of abuse in our extended families to make women openly, or in indiscernible ways, forbid their partners from bathing their daughters? Is it related to the media overexposure we are subject to almost from birth? What makes family ties blur and turn into just bodily-satisfaction exchanges? Is it the proximity to urban values that cares so much about the right shapes of female bodies as objects of desire, and pushes male bodies to behave like owners and conquerors, fulfilling the mandate to mimic media representations so they feel safe in their identity? Is it concrete and other codes, like the Carreño etiquette, that sustain it? Is it encouraged by the need to forget certain relationships as the price of progress, that insistence on “doing for the outside?” What happens to what we learned in our times, those of us who, in secret or not, undertook sexual explorations as children? Were they erased by guilt? Were they the seeds of mistrust and shame in nudity? Were they the seeds of mistrust and shame of being inside oneself? Indeed, aren’t these learnings possibilities to trust in, understand the nudity of bodies as part of respecting oneself and others? These questions emerge in trusted spaces, where the fear to say what one thinks and feels is driven away by the intention of accompaniment. I imagine how many of us there are in all corners of this planet and I am certain these are not new questions, that messages in them are repeated, and that we find ourselves living the answers.
ExploreTransnational Embodiments
This journal edition in partnership with Kohl: a Journal for Body and Gender Research, will explore feminist solutions, proposals and realities for transforming our current world, our bodies and our sexualities.
نصدر النسخة هذه من المجلة بالشراكة مع «كحل: مجلة لأبحاث الجسد والجندر»، وسنستكشف عبرها الحلول والاقتراحات وأنواع الواقع النسوية لتغيير عالمنا الحالي وكذلك أجسادنا وجنسانياتنا.
I know you are so close. You can feel it can't you? How things need to shift and you need to centre yourself.
This is a letter to tell you to do it. Choose your healing. Choose to be OK. Better than OK. Choose to be whole, to be happy. To cry tears for yourself and no one else. Choose to shut out the world and tell them that 'you will be back in 5 mins'. Or five days. Or five years.
Or never.
Choose to not take it all on. Choose to take none of it on. Because none of it is yours. It was never yours. They told you since you were born that it was yours. Your family's problems. Your lovers' problems. Your neighbours' problems. The globe's problems. The constant whisper that these problems belong to you. They are yours. Yours to hold, yours to shoulder. Yours to fix.
That was a lie.
A bamboozle
A long con.
A scam.
The problems of the universe are not yours.
The only problems that are yours are your own. Everyone else can take a hike.
Allow yourself to drop everything and sprint off into the jungle. Befriend a daisy clad nymph, start a small library in the roots of a tree. Dance naked and howl at the moonlight. Converse with Oshun at the river bed.
Or simply drink a cup of tea when you need to take a moment to breathe.
Give yourself permission to disappear into the mist and reappear three countries over as a mysterious chocolatier with a sketchy past and penchant for dramatic cloaks and cigars.
Or stop answering work calls on weekends.
Let yourself swim to deserted island with a lover and dress only in the coconut shells from coconut rum that you make and sip at sunset.
Or say no when you don't have the capacity to create space for someone.
The options for holding yourself are endless.
Whatever you do, know the world will always keep spinning. That's the beauty and the pain of it. No matter who or what you choose over yourself and your soul the world will always keep spinning.
Therefore, choose you.
In the morning when that first light hits, choose you. When it’s lunchtime and it’s time to cry on company time, choose you. In the evening, when you are warming up leftovers because you didn’t have time to cook again, choose you. When anxiety wakes you up and existence is silent at 3:45 am.
Choose you.
Because the world will always keep twirling on a tilt and you deserve to have someone always trying to make it right side up for you.
Imagine opening a door which takes you into a conversation with feminist activists in other continents. This portal will transcend the barriers of UN CSW by pushing beyond language barriers, unaffordable travel, unequal protection from COVID19, and racist visa regimes.
This week, we’re putting a virtual spin on CSW by connecting and amplifying feminist activists' voices, to challenge the discriminatory barriers that limit participation and influence. By setting up connecting “portals” in New York City, Nairobi & Bangalore, we'll host a physical-virtual hybrid space for feminists to connect their struggles and build collective power.
Consider this calendar a gift, one that goes out to you and 9,500 members of our global feminist community. A gift of hope, renewed connection, action and community in a time of immense injustice and violence.
Let its stories remind you that across borders and struggles, we are many, we are powerful, and together we are building the worlds we deserve.
Meet Clemencia Carabalí Rodallega, an extraordinary Afro-Colombian feminist.
She has worked relentlessly for three decades towards the safeguarding of human rights, women’s rights and peace-building in conflict areas on the Pacific Coast of Colombia.
Clemencia has made significant contributions to the fight for truth, reparations and justice for the victims of Colombia’s civil war. She received the National Award for the Defense of Human Rights in 2019, and also participated in the campaign of newly elected Afro-Colombian and long-time friend, vice-president Francia Marquez.
Although Clemencia has faced and continues to face many hardships, including threats and assassination attempts, she continues to fight for the rights of Afro-Colombian women and communities across the country.
