The Human Rights Council (HRC) is the key intergovernmental body within the United Nations system responsible for the promotion and protection of all human rights around the globe. It holds three regular sessions a year: in March, June and September. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is the secretariat for the HRC.
Debating and passing resolutions on global human rights issues and human rights situations in particular countries
Examining complaints from victims of human rights violations or activist organizations on behalf of victims of human rights violations
Appointing independent experts (known as “Special Procedures”) to review human rights violations in specific countries and examine and further global human rights issues
Engaging in discussions with experts and governments on human rights issues
Assessing the human rights records of all UN Member States every four and a half years through the Universal Periodic Review
AWID works with feminist, progressive and human rights partners to share key knowledge, convene civil society dialogues and events, and influence negotiations and outcomes of the session.
كلا. نطلب فقط تعبئة استطلاع واحد لكل مجموعة.
Diakite estuvo activamente comprometida con la defensa de las mujeres en la vida política y pública de Mali.
Trabajó para apoyar la capacitación de candidatas electorales y habló en contra de la práctica de la mutilación genital femenina (MGF). Fue una firme defensora de la salud y los derechos reproductivos.
Anti-rights actors have had a substantive impact on our human rights framework and the progressive interpretation of human rights standards, especially rights related to gender and sexuality.
When it comes to the impact of conservative actors in international policy spaces, the overall picture today is of stasis and regressions.
We have witnessed the watering down of existing agreements and commitment; deadlock in negotiations; sustained undermining of UN agencies, treaty review bodies and Special Procedures; and success in pushing through regressive language in international human rights documents.
The CSW, held annually in March, has long been one of the most contested sites in the UN system. In March 2015, conservative efforts set the tone before events or negotiations even began; the outcome document of the Commission was a weak Declaration negotiated before any women’s rights activists even arrived on the ground.
At 2016’s CSW, the new Youth Caucus was infiltrated by large numbers of vocal anti-abortion and anti-SRHR actors, who shouted down progressive youth organizations. Again, intensive negotiations resulted in a lacklustre text, which included regressive language on ‘the family.’
Precisely when addressing women’s human rights is of urgent importance, the CSW has been rendered a depoliticized and weakened space. Using it to advance rights has become harder and harder since progressives’ energy is taken up trying to hold the ground against conservative backlash.
As the intergovernmental body responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe, the HRC is a key entry point for conservative actors. In recent years, this mechanism has been the scene for a number of damaging anti-human rights moves.
In conversation with other anti-rights actors, one strategy of conservative states, and blocs of states, is to aggressively negotiate out positive language and to introduce hostile amendments to resolutions, most often resolutions focusing on rights related to gender and sexuality.
To take one example, during the June 2016 session of the HRC, opposition was mounted towards a resolution on discrimination against women by the member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and allies. During contentious negotiations, multiple provisions were removed, including women’s and girls’ right to have control over their sexuality, sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights; and the need to repeal laws which perpetuate the patriarchal oppression of women and girls in families, and those criminalizing adultery or pardoning marital rape.
The HRC has also been the site of pernicious conservative initiatives to co-opt human rights norms and enact conservative “human rights” language, such as that of the Russia-led “traditional values” resolutions, and more recently the “Protection of the Family” agenda.
In 2015, moving their sights to another front, a number of religious right organizations began to target the Human Rights Committee, the treaty monitoring body for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), a pivotal human rights instrument.
Anti-human rights groups mobilized in hopes of cementing their anti-abortion rhetoric into the treaty.
When the Committee announced it was drafting a new authoritative interpretation of the right to life, over 30 conservative non-state actors sent in written submissions, advocating their misleading discourse on ‘right to life’ - that life begins at conception and that abortion is a violation of the right - be incorporated in the Committee’s interpretation of article 6.
Conservative groups targeting the Human Rights Committee was a shift considering that historically anti-human rights actors have repeatedly attempted to undermine and invalidate the essential work of the treaty monitoring bodies, including the Human Rights Committee.
Anti-human rights actors were involved in lobbying towards the development of the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, focusing again on rights relating to gender and sexuality. These efforts had limited traction in their attempts to embed regressive language in Agenda 2030.
However, after successfully pushing back against progressive language in the final text, conservative actors then pivoted to another strategy. In an attempt to evade state accountability and undermine the universality of rights, several states have repeatedly made reservations to the Goals.
On behalf of the African Group, Senegal claimed that African states would only “implement the goals in line with the cultural and religious values of its countries.”
The Holy See also made a number of reservations, stating it was “confident that the related pledge ‘no one will be left behind’ would be read” as meaning “the right to life of the person, from conception until natural death.”
Saudi Arabia went one step further, declaring that the country would not follow any international rules relating to the SDGs that reference sexual orientation or gender identity, describing them as running “counter to Islamic law.”
Anti-rights actors have made increasing headway at the UN General Assembly (GA). Most recently, during the 71st session in 2016, the GA was the scene of feverish anti-rights organizing in opposition to the new mandate created by the Human Rights Council resolution on sexual orientation and gender identity in June 2016: the Independent Expert on SOGI. Four separate attempts were made to undercut the mandate in GA spaces.
One approach was to introduce a hostile resolution at the Third Committee[1], led by the African Group, which in essence aimed to indefinitely defer the new mandate. While this approach was not successful, such an attempt in the GA to retroactively block the creation of a mandate brought forward by the Human Rights Council represented a new and troubling tactic - anti-right actors are now working to directly undermine the HRC’s authority respective to the General Assembly.
Another approach targeted the Fifth Committee (responsible for administration and budgetary matters) as an entry point to attack the mandate. In an unprecedented move a number of States attempted (again, unsuccessfully) to block the funding of UN human rights experts, including the new IE on SOGI[2],.
While these multiple efforts were unsuccessful in blocking the creation and continuation of the new mandate, the significant support they received, the novel strategizing employed, and the strong alliances built along regional lines through negotiations point to difficulties ahead.
[1] The Third Committee of the GA deals with agenda items relating to a range of social, humanitarian affairs, and human rights issues. Each year it discusses and issues resolutions on issues including the advancement of women, the protection of children, family, and youth.
[2] While UN Special Procedures experts (i.e. Special Rapporteurs, Working Group members and Independent Experts) work pro bono, some funds are generally allocated to facilitate country visits on the invitation of the national government, and support staff.
Да, доступ к опросу можно получить с помощью смартфона.
Andaiye fue considerada una figura transformadora al frente de las luchas por la liberación y la libertad. Fue una de lxs primerxs integrantes y líder activa de la Working People’s Alliance [Alianza de la Gente Trabajadora] (WPA, por sus siglas en inglés), un partido socialista de la Guyana que luchó contra el régimen autoritario existente y continuó, a lo largo de su vida, centrando su activismo en la justicia para la clase trabajadora y los derechos de las mujeres rurales, y en la superación de las barreras étnicas entre las mujeres Indo y Afro-Guyanesas.
Andaiye fue cofundadora de la Red Thread Women [Hilo Rojo Mujeres], una organización que aboga para que el trabajo de cuidados de las mujeres fuese remunerado justamente, también trabajó en la Universidad de West Indies y con el CARICOM. Andaiye señaló, sin ningún temor a desafiar a los gobiernos, los desequilibrios de género en las juntas estatales, la discriminación de lxs trabajadorxs sexuales en las leyes existentes, reclamó el derecho al aborto en Jamaica, y se pronunció abiertamente contra los acuerdos comerciales como el Caribbean Single Market and Economy [Mercado y Economía Únicos del Caribe] (CSME, por sus siglas en inglés) que permitía la libre circulación de las trabajadoras domésticas migrantes, pero no otorgaba esos mismos derechos a sus hijxs.
Andaiye publicó varios ensayos académicos, escribió columnas de prensa y también editó los últimos libros de Walter Rodney, un activista político guyanés y líder de la AMP, que fue asesinado en 1980. Andaiye sobrevivió a un cáncer y fue una de lxs fundadorxs de la Guyana Cancer Society [Sociedad de Guyana Contra el Cáncer] y del Cancer Survivors’ Action Group [Grupo de Acción de Sobrevivientes del Cáncer]. También fue integrante de la Junta Directiva de la Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action [Asociación Caribeña para la Investigación y la Acción Feminista] (CAFRA, por sus siglas en inglés), y Directora del Help and Shelter [Ayuda y Refugio] e integrante de la Junta Directiva de la Guyana National Commission on Women [Comisión Nacional de Guyana sobre las Mujeres]. Andaiye recibió varios premios a lo largo de su vida, entre ellos, la Flecha de Oro de los Logros de Guyana (el cuarto premio nacional más importante del país).
Andaiye falleció el 31 de mayo de 2019 a la edad de 77 años. Los homenajes que posteriormente le rindieron activistas, amigxs y personas inspiradas por su vida dan cuenta, elocuentemente, de su asombroso legado y su hermosa humanidad.
Algunos ejemplos:
"Andaiye tuvo un profundo efecto en mí... fue tantas cosas: una educadora, una luchadora; me enseñó a ser autocrítica, a pensar con más claridad, me enseñó sobre la supervivencia, sobre lo increíble que puede ser el coraje, sobre la compasión, a ir más allá de las apariencias externas y a tratar a la gente como personas y no dejarse distraer por su estatus, clase, raza... o cualquier otra cosa". Peggy Antrobus, activista feminista, autora, académica, Barbados.
"El tipo de idealismo convencido que Andaiye expresó, su voluntad de confrontar el mundo y su creencia obstinada en que realmente lo puedes cambiar... Esa política de la esperanza... ¿De qué otra forma podemos rendir homenaje a su vida, legado y memoria si no es haciendo nuestro trabajo de forma ética y con una autocrítica continua? Y situando el trabajo de cuidados de las mujeres en el centro de todo esto." - Tonya Haynes, Barbados.
"Puedo escuchar sus ocurrencias en nuestro entusiasmo colectivo. Así, a través de las lágrimas, puedo reír. Mis más profundas reverencias a ti, querida Andaiye, gracias por todo. Te deseo amor y luz para el viaje de tu espíritu. Saluda a Walter y a todxs lxs ancestrxs". - Carol Narcisse, Jamaica.
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« C’[elle] était une personne qui se caractérisait par son travail acharné en faveur de la défense des droits humains et la construction de la paix à Nariño, notamment dans la municipalité de Samaniego-Nariño » - Jorge Luis Congacha Yunda pour Página10
Elle s’est concentrée sur les droits civils et politiques, les enjeux d’impunité et de justice, et a contribué à dévoiler les abus de pouvoir, dont la corruption. Elle a également participé à des projets de construction de la paix dans sa ville natale, Samaniego, comme le Conseil municipal pour la paix et le Bureau municipal de femmes.
Paula a reçu des menaces de mort après avoir exposé une gestion irrégulière des ressources, de même que porté plainte contre des actes de corruption au sein de l’Hôpital Lorencita Villegas dans la municipalité de Nariñense. Elle a été assassinée le 20 mai 2019, lorsque deux hommes se sont approchés d’elle et l’ont abattue à bout portant.
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