Confronting Extractivism & Corporate Power
Women human rights defenders (WHRDs) worldwide defend their lands, livelihoods and communities from extractive industries and corporate power. They stand against powerful economic and political interests driving land theft, displacement of communities, loss of livelihoods, and environmental degradation.
Why resist extractive industries?
Extractivism is an economic and political model of development that commodifies nature and prioritizes profit over human rights and the environment. Rooted in colonial history, it reinforces social and economic inequalities locally and globally. Often, Black, rural and Indigenous women are the most affected by extractivism, and are largely excluded from decision-making. Defying these patriarchal and neo-colonial forces, women rise in defense of rights, lands, people and nature.
Critical risks and gender-specific violence
WHRDs confronting extractive industries experience a range of risks, threats and violations, including criminalization, stigmatization, violence and intimidation. Their stories reveal a strong aspect of gendered and sexualized violence. Perpetrators include state and local authorities, corporations, police, military, paramilitary and private security forces, and at times their own communities.
Acting together
AWID and the Women Human Rights Defenders International Coalition (WHRD-IC) are pleased to announce “Women Human Rights Defenders Confronting Extractivism and Corporate Power”; a cross-regional research project documenting the lived experiences of WHRDs from Asia, Africa and Latin America.
We encourage activists, members of social movements, organized civil society, donors and policy makers to read and use these products for advocacy, education and inspiration.
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"Women Human Rights Defenders confronting extractive industries: an overview of critical risks and Human Rights obligations" is a policy report with a gender perspective. It analyses forms of violations and types of perpetrators, quotes relevant human rights obligations and includes policy recommendations to states, corporations, civil society and donors.
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"Weaving resistance through action: Strategies of Women Human Rights Defenders confronting extractive industries" is a practical guide outlining creative and deliberate forms of action, successful tactics and inspiring stories of resistance.
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The video “Defending people and planet: Women confronting extractive industries” puts courageous WHRDs from Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the spotlight. They share their struggles for land and life, and speak to the risks and challenges they face in their activism.
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Challenging corporate power: Struggles for women’s rights, economic and gender justice is a research paper outlining the impacts of corporate power and offering insights into strategies of resistance.
Share your experience and questions!
◾️ How can these resources support your activism and advocacy?
◾️ What additional information or knowledge do you need to make the best use of these resources?
Thank you!
AWID acknowledges with gratitude the invaluable input of every Woman Human Rights Defender who participated in this project. This project was made possible thanks to your willingness to generously and openly share your experiences and learnings. Your courage, creativity and resilience is an inspiration for us all. Thank you!
Related Content
Snippet FEA Objectives NSS - Traditional Knowledge (FR)
LES SAVOIRS TRADITIONNELS

Anna Politkovskaya
Maritza Quiroz Leiva
Maritza Quiroz Leiva was an Afro Colombian social activist, a community leader and women human rights defender. Among the 7.7 million Colombians internally displaced by 50 years of armed conflict, Maritza dedicated her advocacy work to supporting the rights of others, particularly in the Afro Colombian community who suffered similar violations and displacement.
Maritza was the deputy leader of the Santa Marta Victim's Committee, and an important voice for those seeking justice in her community, demanding reparations for the torture, kidnapping, displacement, and sexual violence that victims experienced during the armed conflict. She was also active in movement for land redistribution and land justice in the country.
On 5 January 2019, Maritza was killed by two armed individuals who broke into her home. She was 60 years old.
Maritza joined five other Colombian social activists and leaders who had been murdered just in the first week of 2019. A total of 107 human rights defenders were killed that year in the country.
9. Advocate and tell the world!
The results of your research will also shape your advocacy – for example, your results will have revealed which sectors fund the most and which sectors you feel need donor education.
In this section
- Build your advocacy strategy
- Reach out to your network
- Adapt your strategy to the sector
1. Women’s rights organizations
2. Bilaterals and multilaterals
3. Private foundations
4. Women’s funds
5. Private sector and new donors
Build your advocacy strategy
In the “Frame your research” section of this toolkit we recommend that you plot out what goals you hope to accomplish with your research. These goals will allow you to build an advocacy strategy once your research is complete.
An advocacy strategy is a plan of distributing your research results in a way that allows you to accomplish your goals, falling under the broader goal of advocating with key sectors to make positive changes for resources for women’s rights organizing.
Using the goals defined in your research framing:
- List the potential groups of contacts who can be interested in your research results
- For each group, explain in one sentence how they can help you achieve your goal.
- For each group, mark what tone you are supposed to use to talk to them (formal professional, commentary casual, do they understand the field’s jargon?)
- List every media that can allow you to reach these audiences, in the proper tone (social media to build community feeling, press release for official announcement to a general audience, etc.)
From this list – as exhaustive as possible, chose which ones are the most efficient for achieve your goals. (See below for specific examples of audiences and advocacy methods)
Once you have a strategy, you can start the dissemination.
Reach out to your network
To disseminate your results, reach out first to the contacts through whom you distributed your survey, as well as to all your survey and interview participants.
- First, take this opportunity to thank them for contributing to this research.
- Share with them the main survey results and analysis.
- Make it easy for them to disseminate your product through their networks by giving them samples of tweets, Facebook posts or even a short introduction that they could copy and paste on their website.
Do not forget to state clearly a contact person and ask for a confirmation once they have published it.
On top of making you able to track who disseminated your report, it will help build stronger relationships within your network.
Adapt your strategy to the sector
As an example, we present below a list of sectors AWID engages in advocacy.
- Use this list as a point of departure to develop your own sector-specific advocacy plan.
- Create an objective for what you hope to accomplish for each sector.
- Be sure to add any additional sectors to this list that are relevant for your particular research, such as local NGOs or local governments, for example.
Your list of advisory organizations and individuals will also be useful here. They can help you disseminate the report in different spaces, as well as introduce you to new organizations or advocacy spaces.
1. Women’s rights organizations
Sample objectives: Update women’s rights organizations on funding trends; brainstorm collaborative efforts for resource mobilization using research findings; influence how they approach resource mobilization
Examples of possible advocacy methods:
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Offer seminars, learning cafés or other events throughout your region, in relevant languages, in order to update women’s rights organizations with the findings of your research.
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If you can’t physically reach everyone in your region, think about setting-up a webinar and online presentations.
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Present your findings at larger convenings, such as the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW).
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Beyond your own organizations’ newsletters and website, write articles on different platforms that are frequented by your target audience.
Some examples: World Pulse, OpenDemocracy, feministing.
2. Bilaterals and multilaterals
Sample Objective: Raising awareness about how funding is not meeting established commitments and how this sector needs to improve funding mechanisms to finance women’s rights organizing.
Identify which bilateral & multilaterals have the most influence on funding – this could include local embassies.
Examples of possible advocacy methods:
- Enlist ally organizations and influential individuals (some may already be your advisors for this research process) to do peer education.
- Seek their assistance to disseminate research finding widely in large multilaterals (like the UN).
- Present at and/or attend influential spaces where bilaterals and multilaterals are present, such as GENDERNET .
- Publish articles in outlets that are read by bilaterals and multilaterals such as devex, Better Aid, Publish What You Pay.
3. Private foundations
Sample Objective: Expand the quality and quantity of support for women’s rights organizations.
Examples of possible advocacy methods:
- Attend and/or present at events led by private foundations.
- Approach private foundations through membership groups, such as the International Human Rights Funders Group or African Philanthropy Network. Propose sessions at their events.
- Reach out to progressive grantmaking alliances, such as EDGE Funders, for dissemination and possible presentation.
- Publish articles on different outlets read by private funders, such as The Chronicle of Philanthropy and Alliance Magazine.
4. Women’s funds
Sample Objective: Encourage them to continue their work at higher scale.
Examples of possible advocacy methods:
- Hold presentations at the women’s funds in your region and in countries that you hope to influence.
- Disseminate your research findings to all women’s funds that impact the region, priority issue or population you are focusing on.
- Consider doing joint efforts based on the results of the findings. For example, you could propose to collaborate with a fund to develop an endowment that closes the funding gaps found in your research.
5. Private sector and new donors
Sample Objective: Increase their understanding of the field and encourage coherence between their philanthropic interests and business practice.
Examples of possible advocacy methods:
- Enlist ally organizations and influential individuals (some may already be your advisors for this research process) to do peer education.
- Arrange meetings with influential private actors to present your research findings.
- Host your own meeting, inviting private sector actors, to share the findings and to advocate for your position.
Make sure to adapt your presentations, propositions and applications to each targeted group.
Previous step
Are you ready to start your own research?
We strongly recommend referring to our Ready to Go worksheet to assess your own advancement.

Estimated time:
• 1-2 years, depending on advocacy goals
People needed:
• 1 or more communications person(s)
Resources needed:
• List of spaces to advertise research
• List of blogs and online magazines where you can publish articles about your research finding
• List of advisors
• Your WITM information products
• Sample of Advocacy Plan
Previous step
Ready to Go? Worksheet
Awadia Ajabna
Fadila M.
Fadila M. fue una activista tribal soulaliyate de Azrú, en la región Ifrane de Marruecos. Luchó contra una forma específica de discriminación territorial dirigida a las mujeres tribales.
Como parte del Movimiento de Mujeres Soulaliyate por el Derecho a la Tierra, trabajó para reformar el marco legislativo relacionado con la administración de la propiedad comunitaria, a través de la adopción, en 2019, de tres proyectos de ley que garantizan la igualdad de mujeres y varones.
Según las leyes consuetudinarias vigentes, las mujeres no tenían derecho a beneficiarse de la tierra, en especial aquellas que eran solteras, viudas o divorciadas. En Marruecos, los derechos a las tierras colectivas eran transmitidos tradicionalmente entre los varones de la familia mayores de 16 años. Desde 2007, Fadila M. ha sido parte del movimiento de mujeres, la primera movilización nacional de base por los derechos a la tierra. Una de sus conquistas ha sido que, en 2012, las mujeres soulaliyate pudieron registrarse por primera vez en las listas de beneficiarixs, y recibir compensaciones relacionadas con la cesión de tierras. El movimiento también logró la enmienda del dahir (decreto del Rey de Marruecos) de 1919, para garantizar el derecho a la igualdad de las mujeres.
Fadila M. falleció el 27 de septiembre de 2018. Las circunstancias de su muerte no son claras. Participó en una marcha de protesta relacionada con el tema de las tierras colectivas y, si bien las autoridades informaron que su muerte fue accidental y que tuvo un paro cardíaco camino al hospital, la sección local de la Asociación de Derechos Humanos de Marruecos (AMDH) señaló que Fadila fue sofocada por un miembro de la fuerza policial utilizando una bandera marroquí. Su familia solicitó una investigación, pero los resultados de la autopsia no fueron dados a conocer.
Más información sobre el Movimiento de Mujeres Soulaliyate por el Derecho a la Tierra (en inglés)
Nota: Como no ninguna fotografía/imagen de Fadila M. disponible, la obra de arte (en lugar de un retrato) pretende representar por lo que luchó y trabajó: la tierra y los derechos a vivir y tener acceso a esa tierra y lo que crece en ella.
Nuestra visión: La justicia económica en un mundo feminista
En nuestra lucha por la justicia de género, económica, social y ambiental, en la paz, lxs feministas sabemos que no existe una sola receta para el éxito sino una gama de posibilidades que pueden y hacen que sucedan los cambios.
El menú de opciones es tan diverso como lo son nuestros movimientos y las comunidades en las que vivimos y luchamos.
Antes de atrevernos a presentar algunas de las formas en que lxs feministas nos imaginamos un mundo diferente, aquí están los principios que sostienen nuestras propuestas:
1. Desarrollo autodeterminado desde lo local hasta lo global
Creemos que no existe un modelo único aplicable a todxs y que todxs tienen derecho a reivindicar la construcción de ese otro mundo posible, como lo expresa el lema del Fondo Mundial..
Esto incluye el derecho a participar en la gobernabilidad democrática y de influir sobre el propio futuro, en el ámbito político, social y cultural.
La autodeterminación económica permite que los pueblos controlen sus recursos naturales y los utilicen de manera colectiva o para los fines que ellos mismos decidan. Además, la autonomía económica de las mujeres es fundamental para mitigar la naturaleza a menudo cíclica de la pobreza y la falta de educación, seguridad y protección.
2. Los derechos, la igualdad sustantiva y la justicia ocupan un lugar central en la economía
El principio de la igualdad sustantiva o de facto forma parte de la Convención sobre la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación contra las Mujeres (CEDAW) y de otros instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos. Es fundamental para el desarrollo y para lograr una economía justa ya que afirma que todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales.
La no discriminación forma parte intrínsecamente del principio de igualdad que garantiza que a nadie se le nieguen sus derechos por factores como la raza, el género, el idioma, la religión, la orientación sexual, la identidad de género, las opiniones políticas o de otra clase, el origen nacional o social, la propiedad o el nacimiento.
La dignidad intrínseca de todas las personas sin distinción alguna debe ser afirmada y respetada. Si bien los Estados tienen la responsabilidad de garantizar el uso de los máximos recursos de que disponen para la realización de los derechos humanos, la reivindicación de los derechos y la dignidad configura sobre todo un espacio clave para las luchas de la sociedad civil y la movilización popular.
3. Distribución justa para todxs, sin monopolización (el principio de la anticodicia)
Este principio, que se ejerce mediante esfuerzos organizados para transformar instituciones injustas, guía la recuperación del equilibrio entre «participación» (entrada) y «distribución» (salida) cuando se ha violado cualquiera de esos dos principios.
Implica ponerle un límite a toda acumulación monopólica de capital y otros abusos de la propiedad. Este concepto se apoya en un modelo económico que gira en torno a la ecuanimidad y la justicia.
4. La solidaridad entre feministas y entre movimientos es fundamental
Para que se produzcan cambios, necesitamos redes feministas fuertes y diversas. Necesitamos movimientos que construyan solidaridad desde lo personal hacia lo político, desde lo local a lo global, y viceversa.
La construcción de poder colectivo a través de los movimientos sociales ayuda a convertir la lucha por los derechos humanos, la igualdad y la justicia en una fuerza política para el cambio que no puede ser ignorada.
«Únicamente los movimientos pueden crear cambios sostenidos a niveles que las políticas y las leyes solas no pueden alcanzar»
Para leer más sobre este tema, consulta Batliwala, S: 2012 «Cambiando el mundo: Conceptos y prácticas de los movimientos de mujeres», 2da edición. AWID.
Ver también
Snippet FEA This is the story of the Nadia Echazú (ES)
Un lugar de trabajo no tiene que operar sobre la base de la competencia y las ganancias. No tiene que explotar a la gente en beneficio de unx dueñx o pequeña élite.
Las comunidades vulnerabilizadas al margen de las economías formales han ido construyendo modelos cooperativos alternativos basados en la autonomía, la cooperación, la corresponsabilidad, la autogestión y la solidaridad.
Las cooperativas y lugares de trabajo autogestionados por lxs trabajadorxs siempre han ofrecido formas alternativas de generar oportunidades de empleo, ingresos, seguridad social y ahorros y, al mismo tiempo, distribuir los ingresos de formas más comunitarias, sostenibles y seguras.
Pero es más que una oportunidad de empleo: es hacer realidad los sueños y construir economías feministas basadas en la solidaridad y el cuidado mutuo. Es crear un mundo donde nuestras vidas, nuestro trabajo y nuestras comunidades importen.
Esta es la historia de la Cooperativa Textil Nadia Echazú, la primera cooperativa creada y dirigida por y para personas travesti y trans en Argentina.
Clotil Walcott
Rosa Candida Mayorga Muñoz
Rosa Candida Mayorga Muñoz était une travailleuse sociale, leader syndicale et défenseure des droits humains du Guatemala. On la surnommait affectueusement Rosita.
Dans les années 1980, Rosa devient la première femme à siéger au comité exécutif du syndicat de l’Institut d’électrification nationale (STINDE), syndicat qu’elle avait rejoint en premier lieu pour défendre les droits des femmes au travail. Cela signifiait, à ses yeux, de lutter pour l’égalité des chances dans une entreprise où de nombreuses femmes affrontaient un système discriminatoire et violent mis en place par la direction de l’entreprise. Rosa avait également subi du harcèlement sexuel sur son lieu de travail, tant de la part de collègues que de responsables. Elle n’entendait cependant pas rester silencieuse.
Rosa a continué à se battre et fait partie des efforts pour façonner la lutte afin qu’elle prenne la forme du « Pacte collectif pour les conditions de travail du INDE-STINDE ». Ce pacte était le premier du genre et le premier au Guatemala à caractériser le concept de harcèlement (sexuel). Il fait désormais référence dans la loi guatémaltèque pour les questions de travail, et sert d’encouragement aux autres syndicats.
« Elle n’avait d’autres outils pour se battre que ses propres idéaux... Elle a été intimidée à plusieurs reprises, harcelée pour abandonner la lutte, mais son courage a fait naître l’espoir chez les syndicalistes de la base. Rosita a créé une image de respect non seulement au sein de son syndicat mais également face aux autorités de l’institution et au sein du mouvement des femmes. Elle a été reconnue comme une pionnière du mouvement des femmes du syndicat, dans un espace qui avait davantage été dominé par les hommes. » - Maritza Velasquez, ATRAHDOM
Rosa est décédée le 4 avril 2018, elle avait 77 ans.
Contester le modèle de croissance économique
Le contexte
Contestant la prémisse que l'économie d'un pays doit toujours «grandir ou mourir», les propositions de décroissance démystifient le rôle central d’une croissance mesurée par l'augmentation du produit intérieur brut (PIB).
Définition
Le modèle de la décroissance propose une transition vers des niveaux de production et de consommation plus faibles et durables. En substance, il s’agit de restreindre l’espace économique pour laisser plus de latitude à la coopération humaine et aux écosystèmes.
La proposition prévoit ce qui suit :
- Réduire la production superflue, consommatrice de grandes quantités de ressources et d'énergie, qui génère des émissions destructrices, en particulier dans les pays du Nord (par exemple l’industrie automobile et l’industrie militaire).
- Réorienter les investissements vers le secteur des services de soins, des infrastructures sociales et de la restauration de l'environnement.
Perspective féministe
Les perspectives féministes sur la théorie et la pratique de la décroissance soutiennent qu'il est également nécessaire de redéfinir et de reconnaître la valeur du travail rémunéré et non rémunéré, sur le marché comme dans le secteur des soins aux personnes. Ceci contribuerait à surmonter les stéréotypes de genre traditionnels, les écarts de salaires en vigueur et les inégalités de revenus qui dévalorisent le travail réalisé dans le domaine des soins.

Pour en savoir plus sur cette proposition :
- Dans The Future WE Want: Occupy development (L'avenir que nous voulons : Occuper le développement), Christa Wichterich fait valoir que pour briser la logique hégémonique de la croissance débridée et le retour rapide sur investissement, un autre modèle de développement doit émerger qui combinerait les trois piliers suivants : les soins, les biens communs ainsi qu’une production et une consommation adéquates. Article en anglais uniquement.
- Dans Equitable, Ecological Degrowth: Feminist Contributions (Décroissance équitable et écologique : Contributions féministes), Patricia Perkins suggère d’élaborer des indicateurs alternatifs concernant le bien-être, qui comprendraient notamment des données sur l’équité économique et sociale ainsi que des statistiques sur la répartition du temps de travail. Elle vise à démontrer l'importance du travail et des services non rémunérés pour l'économie et à proposer un mécanisme qui permettrait d’attribuer une valeur à cette contribution.
Snippet FEA 1 of 3 trans and travesti people (FR)

1 personne trans et travesti sur 3 en Argentine vit dans un ménage à faible revenu.
Margarita Maita Gomez
Esther Mwikali
Esther Mwikali’s home was in Mithini village, Murang’a County, Kenya. A prominent and valued land rights activist, she looked into abuses against squatters who are living on land claimed by tycoons. The investigation Esther was part of also involved land rights’ violations in Makuyu by powerful individuals.
After failing to attend a village meeting, a search party went looking for Esther. On 27 August 2019, two days after her disappearance, her body was found on a farm near her homestead, displaying signs of torture. She was brutally murdered.
“Esther was renowned for her work to prevent community members being evicted from land claimed by tycoons. Local activists had no doubt her murder was related to the area’s ongoing land struggles, a tragic reminder of the alarming regularity with which extra-judicial killings are routinely carried out in Kenya,” - Global Witness Report, July 2020
“We associate Mwikali’s death with land struggles around here. We are asking the Government to investigate the matter without delay.” - James Mburu, spokesperson for the squatters
“Action should be taken on individuals who are alleged to have threatened the squatters including Mwikali's family.” - Alice Karanja, National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders
“The impact of her work and tenacity will remain alive in Kenya for decades. CJGEA consoles with the bereaved and it calls for justice.” - Center for Justice and Governmental Action (CJGEA) Press Release, 13 September 2019