Women Human Rights Defenders
WHRDs are self-identified women and lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LBTQI) people and others who defend rights and are subject to gender-specific risks and threats due to their human rights work and/or as a direct consequence of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
WHRDs are subject to systematic violence and discrimination due to their identities and unyielding struggles for rights, equality and justice.
The WHRD Program collaborates with international and regional partners as well as the AWID membership to raise awareness about these risks and threats, advocate for feminist and holistic measures of protection and safety, and actively promote a culture of self-care and collective well being in our movements.
Risks and threats targeting WHRDs
WHRDs are exposed to the same types of risks that all other defenders who defend human rights, communities, and the environment face. However, they are also exposed to gender-based violence and gender-specific risks because they challenge existing gender norms within their communities and societies.
By defending rights, WHRDs are at risk of:
- Physical assault and death
- Intimidation and harassment, including in online spaces
- Judicial harassment and criminalization
- Burnout
A collaborative, holistic approach to safety
We work collaboratively with international and regional networks and our membership
- to raise awareness about human rights abuses and violations against WHRDs and the systemic violence and discrimination they experience
- to strengthen protection mechanisms and ensure more effective and timely responses to WHRDs at risk
We work to promote a holistic approach to protection which includes:
- emphasizing the importance of self-care and collective well being, and recognizing that what care and wellbeing mean may differ across cultures
- documenting the violations targeting WHRDs using a feminist intersectional perspective;
- promoting the social recognition and celebration of the work and resilience of WHRDs ; and
- building civic spaces that are conducive to dismantling structural inequalities without restrictions or obstacles
Our Actions
We aim to contribute to a safer world for WHRDs, their families and communities. We believe that action for rights and justice should not put WHRDs at risk; it should be appreciated and celebrated.
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Promoting collaboration and coordination among human rights and women’s rights organizations at the international level to strengthen responses concerning safety and wellbeing of WHRDs.
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Supporting regional networks of WHRDs and their organizations, such as the Mesoamerican Initiative for WHRDs and the WHRD Middle East and North Africa Coalition, in promoting and strengthening collective action for protection - emphasizing the establishment of solidarity and protection networks, the promotion of self-care, and advocacy and mobilization for the safety of WHRDs;
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Increasing the visibility and recognition of WHRDs and their struggles, as well as the risks that they encounter by documenting the attacks that they face, and researching, producing, and disseminating information on their struggles, strategies, and challenges:
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Mobilizing urgent responses of international solidarity for WHRDs at risk through our international and regional networks, and our active membership.
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Magaly Quintana
Magaly Quintana était connue de nombreuses personnes au Nicaragua comme « La Maga » (la magicienne). Historienne et activiste féministe, elle était une indéfectible défenseure des droits des femmes, réclamant justice pour les victimes de féminicides.
Magaly était fortement engagée dans la documentation et la collecte de statistiques sur les femmes et les filles tuées dans le cadre de la violence sexuelle dans le pays.
« Elle s’employait à reconstituer la vie de chacune d’entre elles, de leur famille, pour montrer ces vies qui avaient été détruites », Dora María Téllez.
Magaly avait également critiqué le gouvernement pour sa réforme de la loi 779 sur la violence à l’égard des femmes. Résultat du travail acharné des mouvements de femmes nicaraguayens, cette loi incluait – avant sa réforme – d’importantes dispositions criminalisant le féminicide. Elle avançait que les réformes législatives avaient affaibli la loi et restreint la définition des féminicides à des homicides, rendant ainsi « invisibles » les crimes violents perpétrés contre les femmes.
Magaly a commencé à mener des actions féministes au début des années 1980. Directrice du Catholic Women for the Right to Choose, elle a défendu le droit à l’avortement thérapeutique après son interdiction en 2006, de même que soutenu les manifestations contre le gouvernement de Daniel Ortega en 2018.
Née en mai 1952, Magaly est décédée en mai 2019.
« Nous nous reverrons plus tard, ma très chère Magaly Quintana. Merci beaucoup, merci pour l’héritage que tu nous laisses. Nous te reverrons, aussi forte et puissante que toujours. », Erika Guevara Rosas (Directrice américaine d’Amnesty International)
Faye Macheke
Faye est une féministe panafricaine passionnée, engagée dans les mouvements pour les droits des femmes, la justice raciale, les droits des migrant·e·s et des travailleur·euse·s, et la justice environnementale. Son activisme s'appuie sur l'héritage de la lutte contre l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud et de ses suites au Zimbabwe.
En 2019, Faye rejoint l'AWID en tant que Directrice des Finances, des Opérations et du Développement. Elle s’est efforcée de garantir que l’AWID respecte les principes et les valeurs féministes dans toutes ses opérations. Elle y apporte plus de 20 années d’expérience en leadership féministe, en stratégie et autres aspects du développement organisationnel et financier.
Faye est membre engagée du conseil d'administration de Urgent Action Fund-Africa et d'autres organisations de défense des droits des femmes. Auparavant, elle a occupé des postes de responsable des finances et des opérations chez Pediatric Adolescent Treatment for Africa et JASS - Just Associates Inc. en Afrique australe. Elle a également occupé des postes de direction chez International Computer Driving Licence (ICDL) en Afrique centrale et australe. Elle est titulaire d'une licence en sciences comptables de l'Université d'Afrique du Sud ainsi que membre du Southern African Institute for Business Accountants.
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Doris Valenzuela Angulo
Doris Valenzuela Angulo was an Afro-descendant social activist, leader and human rights defender from Buenaventura, Colombia. She was part of Communities Building Peace in the Territories (CONPAZ), a national network of organizations in communities affected by armed conflict that advocate for non-violence and socio-environmental justice.
Doris defied constant paramilitary violence and pressures from mega projects to displace her community and state collusion. Faced with one of the most difficult contexts in her country, she played a leadership role in an unprecedented initiative of non-violent resistance called Puente Nayero Humanitarian Space, an urban place for community cohesion, safety, creativity and collective action.
This unique non-violent struggle of the families that belonged to Puente Nayero Humanitarian Space, attracted attention and support from both local and international agencies. By September 2014, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights had granted precautionary protection measures to the community ordering the Colombian State to adopt necessary measures to preserve their lives and personal integrity. However, the threats and violence from the paramilitaries continued. Doris focused her energies on preventing forced recruitment of children and young people by the neo-paramilitaires, continuing on despite the murder of her son Cristian Dainer Aragón Valenzuela in July 2015. Doris also became a target, continuously receiving threats for her activism and the work she did.
The continued aggression and threats against her life forced Doris to leave Colombia. She was residing in Spain from February 2017 to February 2018, as part of the Amnesty International temporary protection program for human rights defenders at risk. In April 2018, Doris was murdered in Murcia, Spain by her ex-partner. She was only 39 years old.
Tributes:
"Doris, spending a whole year with you has taught us how a person can have the ability to transform and generate hope in the face of deeply negative and devastating events during your life...We continue with our commitment in the defense of all human rights. Your courage and your light will always guide us.” - Montserrat Román, Amnesty International Grupo La Palma
Excerpt from “Words for Doris Valenzuela Angulo” by Elsa López
"..You knew it. You always knew. And in spite of everything you stood firm against so many injustices, so many miseries, so much persecution. You stood up, haughty and fierce, against those who wanted to make you again abandon your hopes, humble yourself and surrender. Standing up you cried out for your freedom and ours that was yours. Nothing and no one paralyzed your efforts to change the world and make it more generous and livable. You, live among us, more alive today than ever among us despite death. Always live by your gestures, your courage, your greatness when crying for a promised land that you came to invoke with each of your cries for all the deserts you inhabited. You. Always alive. Doris Valenzuela Angulo.
They are only words. I know. I know it too. But the words unite us, protect us, give us strength and encouragement to continue walking towards the light that you defended so much…”
Elina Margarita Castillo Jiménez
Elina is a young afro-Dominican intersectional feminist and human rights lawyer, committed to use her voice and skills to build a more just, empathic and inclusive world. She started Law school at 16, convinced it would give her the tools to understand and promote social justice. After a J.D. in the Dominican Republic, she pursued an LL.M. in Public International Law and Human Rights in the UK as a Chevening Scholar. She was the only Latinx-Caribbean woman in her class, graduating with honours.
Elina has worked at the intersection of human rights, gender, migration and policy, from government, grassroots collectives and international organizations. She helped litigate cases on gender-based violence before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. As a member of the Youth Advisory Panel of UNFPA, she contributed to strengthening sexual and reproductive rights in the Dominican Republic. She co-led Amnesty International’s first campaign on sex workers’ rights in the Americas, developing strong partnerships with sex-worker led organizations and using Amnesty’s position to amplify women human rights defenders and sex workers’ voices.
Elina is part of Foro Feminista Magaly Pineda and the Global Shapers Community. She speaks Spanish, French and English. Thanks to her diverse background, Elina brings strong governance and strategic planning skills, substantive expertise on the United Nations and regional human rights mechanisms and her bold determination to keep AWID as an inclusive organization for all women, especially young and Caribbean feminists. With these offerings, joins a global sisterhood of feminist badasses, where she can keep nurturing her feminist leadership and never again feel alone in her path.
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Mena Mangal
Mena Mangal fue una destacada periodista de televisión, defensora de los derechos de las mujeres y asesora cultural de la Wolesi Jirga, la cámara baja del parlamento nacional de Afganistán.
Durante más de una década, trabajó para Ariana TV, el canal Lamar de lengua Pashto de Tolo TV, y para la emisora privada de televisión nacional afgana Shamshad TV. Como presentadora, Mena se enfocó en los derechos de las mujeres y en los programas de entrevistas culturales.
"La defensora de los derechos de la mujeres Wazhma Frogh dijo que Mangal "tenía una voz fuerte" y se pronunció activamente como defensora de su pueblo".
Fuera de la pantalla, también dirigió páginas populares de redes sociales que defendían los derechos de las niñas y mujeres afganas a la educación y el trabajo. En lo que concierne a su vida privada, Mena escribió extensamente acerca de cómo había sido forzada a contraer un matrimonio arreglado en 2017, y sobre el proceso que tuvo que atravesar para poder obtener finalmente el divorcio.
En un post de Facebook, Mena escribió que estaba recibiendo amenazas de muerte de fuentes desconocidas, pero que aun así continuaría llevando a cabo su trabajo.
El 11 de mayo de 2019, Mena fue atacada por hombres armados desconocidos y asesinada a tiros a plena luz del día en un espacio público del sudeste de Kabul.
"Estamos preocupadxs por la situación actual ya que está teniendo un impacto directo en las mujeres que trabajan fuera de sus casas... Las mujeres periodistas están cambiando de profesión debido a los crecientes riesgos que enfrentan". - Robina Hamdard, defensora de los derechos de las mujeres en Kabul.
Jessica Whitbread
Jessica es une artista activista queer de Toronto (Canadá), aunque actualmente reside en Bulgaria. Posee más de 15 años de experiencia de trabajo en la respuesta al VIH en las intersecciones del género y el VIH con poblaciones clave (trabajadoras/es sexuales, mujeres que usan drogas, comunidades LGBTQI, personas privadas de su libertad y, desde luego, personas que viven con el VIH). A Jessica le encanta la construcción de movimientos y pensar, organizar y trazar estrategias para intervenciones artísticas. Un divertido proyecto que comenzó en 2013 fue LOVE POSITIVE WOMEN, en el que participan más de 125 agrupaciones y organizaciones comunitarias de todo el mundo. Este tiene lugar cada año entre el 1 y el 14 de febrero para celebrar a las mujeres que viven con el VIH en sus comunidades.
Upasana Agarwal
Upasana Agarwal
Upasana est un·e illustrateurice et artiste non binaire basé·e à Kolkata, en Inde. Son travail explore l'identité et les récits personnels en partant d’un vestige visuel ou d’une preuve des contextes avec lesquels iel travaille. Iel est particulièrement attiré·e par les motifs qui, selon Upasana, communiquent des vérités complexes sur le passé, le présent et l'avenir. Quand Upasana n'est pas en train de dessiner, iel organise et dirige un centre d'art communautaire queer et trans dans la ville.
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Lina Ben Mhenni
« Je veux dire à tou·te·s les Tunisien·ne·s : Nous devons nous rassembler pour dire “non” à la censure et aux procès d’opinion. » - Lina Ben Mhenni (entretien de 2013)
« Un cyberactiviste doit aller sur le terrain, sentir ce que vivent les autres. On dit que la Révolution tunisienne est celle du Net, mais si elle n’était que ça, elle n’aurait jamais abouti ! » » Lina Ben Mhenni (article dans Ouest-France)
Elle a co-organisé en 2010 une manifestation en réaction à la suppression des médias et la censure sur Internet imposées par le gouvernement. Lina était très connue pour son blog « A Tunisian Girl » et son travail pendant la révolution tunisienne en 2011 était reconnu. Elle s’est servie de son blog pour transmettre des informations sur la révolte, partager des images documentant les manifestations, et a été parmi les rares voix qui s’élevèrent pour dénoncer les assassinats et la répression des manifestant·e·s à Sidi Bouzid. Lina était une des rares blogueuses à utiliser son vrai nom sur Internet, et non un pseudonyme pour protéger son identité.
« Notre liberté d’expression est vraiment en danger. Je crains que nous ne soyons en train de perdre les fruits magnifiques de notre révolution : la disparition de la peur et la liberté d’expression. Nous devons continuer de nous battre pour protéger et préserver ce droit. » - Lina Ben Mhenni (entretien de 2013)
Lina n’avait que 36 ans lorsqu’elle est décédée, le 27 janvier 2020, de complications d’une maladie auto-immune.
« La liberté, une meilleure éducation et la santé - c’est tout ce que nous voulions. Lorsque nous échouions, elle nous incitait à continuer. » Hala, l’institutrice de Lina.
Ȃurea Mouzinho
Âurea Mouzinho est une organisatrice féministe dans le domaine de la justice économique. Originaire de Louanda en Angola, elle compte 10 ans de carrière dans la recherche, le subventionnement, le plaidoyer et le renforcement de mouvement pour les droits des femmes et la justice économique en Afrique et dans le Sud global. Actuelle responsable des programmes pour l’Afrique chez Thousand Currents, elle participe également au comité de rédaction de Feminist Africa et est membre d’Ondjango Feminista, un collectif féministe qu’elle a co-fondé en 2016. Tout juste maman d’un petit garçon Gémeaux, urea aime les journées tranquilles avec sa petite famille et les longues promenades sur la plage. Il lui arrive parfois de tweeter via son compte @kitondowe.
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Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre
Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre was a much loved young feminist artist and activist from Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, known for her beautiful and evocative hand-painted clothing with eyes being an emblematic feature in her work. Her murals transformed the run down and vacant buildings in Ciudad Juarez’s downtown, bringing life and political commentary to their walls.
Through her art and political activism Isabel sought to draw attention to the gender based violence pervasive in her hometown. She volunteered with the women’s network Mesa de Mujeres on the Citizen Observatory on Gender to monitor the performance of judges, prosecutors and public defenders on cases of femicides and other gender based violations. She was also a member of Hijas de su Maquilera Madre, a feminist collective whose name makes reference to the daughters of mothers who are maquila workers. Some of these mothers were among the first victims of femicide in the city.
Isabel’s latest project, still in progress, was an art installation to protest a Canadian company that was looking to mine copper in the Samalayuca Desert.
On 18 January, 2020 Isabel was shot while riding her bike back home in Downtown Juárez, in what appeared to be a targeted killing, her body found beside her bike.
Isabel’s murder, sparked a new wave of outrage against femicides in the region, hundreds marched to the US-Mexico border bridge, blocking it for hours and chanting “Ni una mas” (Not one more) as feminist collectives continue to protest the murders of women throughout Mexico. In 2019 alone, 3142 women and girls were killed in Mexico, many of whom were targeted specifically because of their gender.
She loved riding her bike.
"The bike for her was a symbol of freedom. A symbol of being free in the streets." - Marisol (a friend of Isabel’s)