Guatemala - Rural Women Diversify Incomes and Build Resilience
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Supporting feminist, women’s rights and gender justice movements to thrive, to be a driving force in challenging systems of oppression, and to co-create feminist realities.
Building Feminist Economies is about creating a world with clean air to breath and water to drink, with meaningful labour and care for ourselves and our communities, where we can all enjoy our economic, sexual and political autonomy.
In the world we live in today, the economy continues to rely on women’s unpaid and undervalued care work for the profit of others. The pursuit of “growth” only expands extractivism - a model of development based on massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources that keeps destroying people and planet while concentrating wealth in the hands of global elites. Meanwhile, access to healthcare, education, a decent wage and social security is becoming a privilege to few. This economic model sits upon white supremacy, colonialism and patriarchy.
Adopting solely a “women’s economic empowerment approach” is merely to integrate women deeper into this system. It may be a temporary means of survival. We need to plant the seeds to make another world possible while we tear down the walls of the existing one.
We believe in the ability of feminist movements to work for change with broad alliances across social movements. By amplifying feminist proposals and visions, we aim to build new paradigms of just economies.
Our approach must be interconnected and intersectional, because sexual and bodily autonomy will not be possible until each and every one of us enjoys economic rights and independence. We aim to work with those who resist and counter the global rise of the conservative right and religious fundamentalisms as no just economy is possible until we shake the foundations of the current system.
Our Actions
Our work challenges the system from within and exposes its fundamental injustices:
Advance feminist agendas: We counter corporate power and impunity for human rights abuses by working with allies to ensure that we put forward feminist, women’s rights and gender justice perspectives in policy spaces. For example, learn more about our work on the future international legally binding instrument on “transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights” at the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Mobilize solidarity actions: We work to strengthen the links between feminist and tax justice movements, including reclaiming the public resources lost through illicit financial flows (IFFs) to ensure social and gender justice.
Build knowledge: We provide women human rights defenders (WHRDs) with strategic information vital to challenge corporate power and extractivism. We will contribute to build the knowledge about local and global financing and investment mechanisms fuelling extractivism.
Create and amplify alternatives: We engage and mobilize our members and movements in visioning feminist economies and sharing feminist knowledges, practices and agendas for economic justice.
“The corporate revolution will collapse if we refuse to buy what they are selling – their ideas, their version of history, their wars, their weapons, their notion of inevitability. Another world is not only possible, she is on her way. On a quiet day, I can hear her breathing”.
Arundhati Roy, War Talk
Related Content
Sexting Like a Feminist: Humor in the Digital Feminist Revolution Snippet Small
Sexting Like a Feminist: Humor in the Digital Feminist Revolution
by Chinelo Onwualu
On September 2nd, 2021, the amazing feminist and social justice activists of AWID’s Crear | Résister | Transform festival came together not only to share resistance strategies, co-create, and transform the world, but also to talk dirty on Twitter.
يركّز استطلاع "أين المال" على وقائع التمويل للتنظيمات النسوية، تسأل أغلبية الأسئلة عن تمويل مجموعتكم/ن بين الأعوام 2021-2023. سوف تحتاجون أن تكون لديكم/ن معلومات معيّنة عند تعبئة الاستطلاع مثل ميزانيتكم/ن السنوية ومصادر التمويل الأساسية.
Communicating Desire | Content Snippet
Communicating Desire
and Other Embodied Political Praxes
Communicating Desire
Host: We tend to think about communicating desire as something that is limited to the private intimacy of the bedroom and our personal relationships. But can we also think of this kind of communication as a structure, a praxis that informs our work, and how we are, how we do in the world?
Lindiwe
I believe that unfortunately in the past, expressing your sexuality has been limited. You were allowed to express it within the confines of your marriage, which was permitted, there have always been taboo and stigmas attached to expressing it any other way. When it comes to communicating, obviously the fact that certain stigmas are attached to expressing your sexuality or expressing your desire makes it a lot harder to communicate that in the bedroom or intimately with your partner. From my personal experience, I do believe that obviously if I feel more comfortable expressing myself outside of the bedroom on other matters or other topics, it’s easier for me to build that trust, because you understand conflict resolution with that particular person, you understand exactly how to make your communication special towards that particular person. It’s not easy. It’s something that is consistently done throughout whatever your engagement is, whether it’s your relationship or whether it’s casual and just in the moment. But I believe that confidence outside can definitely translate to how you communicate your desire.
Manal
Since childhood, a woman is raised with that, “you’re not allowed to talk about your body, you’re not allowed to talk about your desire,” which puts a heavy responsibility on women, especially girls in their teens when they need to express themselves and talk about these issues. So for me I think this is a big problem. You know, I have been married for more than 25 years, but still, until now, I cannot talk about my desires. I cannot say what I want or what I prefer, because it’s like I’m not allowed to go beyond this line. It’s like haram, despite it being my right. This is the case for all my friends, they just can’t express themselves in the right way.
Louise
Personally, I find that expressing our desires, my desires, however that expression comes in hand, has to do with the other, and the gaze that the other would have on me. So this is also something that we can link to cinema. And the gaze I would have on myself as well: what I think I am as an individual, but also what society expects of me and my sexuality. In the past, I somehow did the analogy between what happens in the bedroom and what happens in the workplace, because there is sometimes this dynamic of power, whether I want it or not. And oftentimes, verbal communication is harder than we think. But when it comes to representation in film, that’s a totally different game. We are very far away from what I guess all of us here would like to see on screen when it comes to just communicating sexual desires inside or outside the bedroom.
Online and Embodied
Host: We can think about the digital world as embodied: while it might be virtual, it is not less real. And this was made clear in the context of AWID’s feminist realities festival, which took place entirely online. What does it mean then to talk about sexuality, collectively, politically, in online spaces? Do we navigate virtual spaces with our bodies and affects, and in this case, what are the different considerations? What does it do to communication and representation?
Lindiwe
Social media makes you feel community-based. When you express what it is that you want or like, there is someone who’s either going to agree or disagree, but those who do agree make you feel that you belong to a community. So it’s easier to throw it out into the universe, or for others to see, and potentially not get as much judgment. And I say this very loosely because sometimes, depending on what it is that you’re expressing, it either will get you vilified or celebrated. But when it comes to the bedroom, there is an intimacy and almost a vulnerability that is exposing you and different parts of you that is not as easy to give your opinion on. When it comes to expressing your desire, speaking it and saying it and maybe putting a Tweet or a social media post, or even liking and reading other communities that are same-minded is a lot easier than telling your partner, “this is how I want to be pleasured” or “this is how what I want you to do next,” because of the fear of rejection. But not only that, just the vulnerability aspect – allowing yourself to be bare enough to let the other person see into what you are thinking, feeling, and wanting – I think this is where the difference would come in for me personally. I feel it is a lot more community-based on social media, and it’s easier to engage in discourse. Whereas in the bedroom, you don’t want to necessarily kill the moment. But I think that also kind of helps you understand going forward, depending on the relationship with the person, how you would engage thereafter. So I always know that if I try to communicate something and I fail to do so in the moment, I can always try to bring it up outside of that moment and see what the reaction would be so I know how to approach it going forward.
Louise
You know the question in films is, I don’t know if the male gaze is done intentionally or not. Like we don’t really know that. What we know is that the reason why sexuality in general has been so heternormative and focused on penetration and not giving any space for women to actually ask for anything in films, is because most of the people who have been working in this industry and making decisions in terms of, you know, storytelling and editing have been white men. So rape revenge is this very weird film genre that was birthed in the 70s, and half of the story would be that a woman is being raped by one or multiple people, and in the other half, she would get her revenge. So usually she would murder and kill the people who have raped her, and sometimes other people next to them. At the beginning of the birth of this genre and for 30 years at least, those films were written, produced, and directed by men. This is why we also want so much representation. A lot of feminists and pioneers in queer filmmaking also used the act of filming in order to do that and to reclaim their own sexuality. I’m thinking about Barbara Hammer, who’s a feminist and queer pioneer in experimental cinema in the U.S. where she decided to shoot women having sex on 16mm, and by doing so reclaimed a space within the narrative that was exposed in film at that time. And there is also then the question of invisibilization: we know now, because of the internet and sharing knowledge, that women and queer filmmakers have been trying and making films since the beginning of cinema. We only realize it now that we have access to databases and the work of activists and curators and filmmakers.
Resisting Colonization
Host: And this opens up the conversation on the importance of keeping our feminist histories alive. The online worlds have also played a crucial role in documenting protests and resistance. From Sudan to Palestine to Colombia, feminists have taken our screens by storm, challenging the realities of occupation, capitalism, and oppression. So could we speak of communicating desire – the desire for something else – as decolonization?
Manal
Maybe because my village is just 600 residents and the whole village is one family – Tamimi – there are no barriers between men and women. We do everything together. So when we began our non-violent resistance or when we joined the non-violent resistance in Palestine, there was no discussion whether women should participate or not. We took a very important role within the movement here in the village. But when other villages and other places began to join our weekly protests, some men thought that if these women participate or join the protests, they will fight with soldiers so it will be like they’re easy women. There were some men who were not from the village who tried to sexually harass the women. But a strong woman who is able to stand in front of a soldier can also stand against sexual harassment. Sometimes, when other women from other places join our protest, they are shy at first; they don’t want to come closer because there are many men. If you want to join the protest, if you want to be part of the non-violent movement, you have to remove all these restrictions and all these thoughts from your mind. You have to focus on just fighting for your rights. Unfortunately, the Israeli occupation realizes this issue. For example, the first time I was arrested, I wear the hijab so they tried to take it off; they tried to take off my clothes, in front of everybody. There were like 300-400 people and they tried to do it. When they took me to the interrogation, the interrogator said: “we did this because we want to punish other women through you. We know your culture.” So I told him: “I don’t care, I did something that I believe in. Even if you take all my clothes off, everybody knows that Manal is resisting.”
Lindiwe
I think even from a cultural perspective, which is very ironic, if you look at culture in Africa, prior to getting colonized, showing skin wasn’t a problem. Wearing animal skin and/or hides to protect you, that wasn’t an issue and people weren’t as sexualized unless it was within context. But we conditioned ourselves to say, “you should be covered up” and the moment you are not covered up you are exposed, and therefore it will be sexualized. Nudity gets sexualized as opposed to you just being naked; they don’t want a little girl to be seen naked. What kind of society have we conditioned ourselves to be if you’re going to be sexualizing someone who is naked outside of the context of a sexual engagement? But environment definitely plays a big role because your parents and your grannies and your aunts say “no, don’t dress inappropriately,” or “no, that’s too short.” So you hear that at home first, and then the moment you get exposed outside, depending on the environment, whether it’s a Eurocentric or more westernized environment to what you are used to, then you are kind of free to do so. And even then, as much as you are free, there’s still a lot that comes with it in terms of catcalling and people still sexualizing your body. You could be wearing a short skirt, and someone feels they have the right to touch you without your permission. There is so much that is associated with regulating and controlling women’s bodies, and that narrative starts at home. And then you go out into your community and society and the narrative gets perpetuated, and you realize that you get sexualized by society at large too, especially as a person of color.
Resistance as Pleasure
Host: And finally, in what ways can our resistance be more than what we are allowed? Is there a place for pleasure and joy, for us and our communities?
Louise
Finding pleasure as resistance and resistance in pleasure, first for me there is this idea of the guerrilla filmmaking or the action of filming when you’re not supposed to or when someone told you not to, which is the case for a lot of women and queer filmmakers in the world right now. For example, in Lebanon, which is a cinema scene that I know very well, most of the lesbian stories that I’ve seen were shot by students in very short formats with “no production value” as the west would say – meaning with no money, because of the censorship that happens on an institutional level, but also within the family and within the private sphere. I would think that filming whatever, but also filming pleasure and pleasure within lesbian storytelling is an act of resistance in itself. A lot of times, just taking a camera and getting someone to edit and someone to act is extremely hard and requires a lot of political stance.
Lindiwe
I have a rape support group. I’m trying to assist women to reintegrate themselves from a sexual perspective: wanting to be intimate again, wanting to not let their past traumas influence so much how they move forward. It’s not an easy thing, but it’s individual. So I always start with understanding your body. I feel the more you understand and love and are proud of it, the more you are able to allow someone else into that space. I call it sensuality training, where I get them to start seeing themselves as not sexual objects, but as objects of pleasure and desire that can be interchangeable. So you’re worthy of receiving as well as giving. But that’s not only from a psychological point of view; it is physical. When you get out of the shower, you get out of the bath, and you’re putting lotion on your body, look at every part of your body, feel every part of your body, know when there are changes, know your body so well that should you get a new pimple on your knee, you are so aware of it because just a few hours ago it wasn’t there. So things like that where I kind of get people to love themselves from within, so they feel they are worthy of being loved in a safe space, is how I gear them towards claiming their sexuality and their desire.
Manal
You know we began to see women coming from Nablus, from Jerusalem, from Ramallah, even from occupied 48, who have to drive for 3-4 hours just to come to join the protests. After that we tried to go to other places, talk with women, tell them that they don’t have to be shy, that they should just believe in themselves and that there is nothing wrong in what we are doing. You can protect yourself, so where is the wrong in participating or in joining? Once I asked some women, “why are you joining?” And they said, “if the Tamimi women can do it, we can do it also.” To be honest I was very happy to hear this because we were like a model for other women. If I have to stand for my rights, it should be all my rights, not just one or two. We can’t divide rights.
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Clone of Mariam Mekiwi | Snippet AR
مريم مكيوي مخرجة أفلام ومصورة من الإسكندرية تعيش وتعمل في برلين.
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Hospital | Content Snippet AR
مستشفى
ترجمة مارينا سمير
«الآن قد يكون وقتًا مناسبًا لإعادة التفكير في الشكل الذي يمكن للثورة أن تتّخذه. ربما لن تبدو كمسيرةٍ من الأجساد الغاضبة والقادرة في الشوارع. ربما ستبدو وكأنّ العالم واقفٌ في ثباتٍ لأن جميع الأجساد الموجودة فيه منهَكة – حيثُ أنّه يجب إعطاء الأولوية للرعاية قبل فوات الأوان». - جوانا هيدفا
المستشفيات مؤسسات، ومواقع حيّة للرأسمالية، وما يحدث عندما يكون من المفترض أن يستريح شخصٌ ما ليس إلّا نموذجاً مصغّراً من النظام الأكبر. تَعمَد المؤسسات إلى فصلنا عن أنظمة رعايتنا – نَجِد أنفسنا معزولين في بُنى تراتبية راسخة، وغالبًا ما نشعر وكأنّ الرعاية هي شيء يُفعَل بنا بدلاً من أن تكون شيئًا يُعطى ويؤخَذ كجزء من محادثة. الرعاية المؤسسية معزولة بسبب اندماجها في الطلب الرأسمالي: شخص واحد يعالج رِجلك ورِجلك فقط، شخص آخر يعالج ضغط الدم وهكذا.
المستشفيات مؤسسات، ومواقع حيّة للرأسمالية، وما يحدث عندما يكون من المفترض أن يستريح شخصٌ ما ليس إلّا نموذجاً مصغّراً من النظام الأكبر. تَعمَد المؤسسات إلى فصلنا عن أنظمة رعايتنا – نَجِد أنفسنا معزولين في بُنى تراتبية راسخة، وغالبًا ما نشعر وكأنّ الرعاية هي شيء يُفعَل بنا بدلاً من أن تكون شيئًا يُعطى ويؤخَذ كجزء من محادثة. الرعاية المؤسسية معزولة بسبب اندماجها في الطلب الرأسمالي: شخص واحد يعالج رِجلك ورِجلك فقط، شخص آخر يعالج ضغط الدم وهكذا.
اضطرّت المصوّرة مريم مكيوي لإجراء عملية جراحية الشهر الماضي، ووثّقت هذا المسار. صورها للبيئات المعقّمة بألوانها الباهتة – أضواء نيون بيضاء وصفوف تلو صفوف من التكوينات المتكرّرة – تعكس مكانًا استُنزفت منه الحياة والحركة. كانت هذه إحدى الطرق التي حافظت بها مريم على بقاء روحها. لقد كان أحد أشكال الاحتجاج من داخل حدود مؤسسةٍ كان عليها التعامل معها.
تُشكّل الصور وصفًا لشيءٍ واهنٍ بشدّة، فمشاهدة شخصٍ ما وهو يعايش انهيار جسده هو دائمًا تذكير جليل بهشاشتنا. إنه أيضًا تذكير بهشاشة أنظمة الرعاية هذه، والتي قد تُمنَع عنّا لأسباب متعدّدة – بدايةً من عدم امتلاك الأموال وصولًا إلى عدم التواجد في جسدٍ يُعتبَر ذا قيمة كافية، فربما يكون أنثويًا أكثر مما ينبغي أو كويريًا أكثر مما ينبغي أو ملوَّنًا أكثر مما ينبغي.
الرعاية الانفرادية والمجرّدة من جوهرها والتي قد تُسلَب منّا في أي لحظة لا تساعدنا على الازدهار. وهي مختلفة تمامًا عن الطريقة التي يسلكها البشر عند رعاية بعضهم البعض. كم سيبدو عالمنا مختلفًا إذا التزمنا بتفكيك الهياكل الرأسمالية الحالية حول صحّتنا؟ كيف سيبدو إذا أعَدنا تخيُّلَه بشكل جذريّ؟
Membership why page - Paz Romero
"This community is a place for connections, to understand our individual fights as part of global struggles, and sometimes even dance! There aren’t places like this online where you can meet real grassroots activists from all over the world and build solidarity and sisterhood."
- Paz Romero, Argentina
Snippet Kohl - Panel “un”Inclusive Feminism | AR
حلقة نقاش | النسوية “غير” الشاملة: فتيات بلا صوت في الحركة النسوية الهايتية
مع نايكي ليدان وفيدورا بيير-لوي
📅 Wednesday, March 12, 2025
🕒 5.00-7.00pm EST
🏢 Chef's Kitchen Loft with Terrace, 216 East 45th St 13th Floor New York
Organizers: Women Enabled International and AWID
#4 - Sexting like a feminist Tweets Snippet AR
ان كنت نسوية عن حق، فإنك سترفضين التحقير الموجّه ضد الممارسات الجنسية الغرائبيّة
تَلفَزَتُنا للثورة تحت حزامك مشروطة بطبيعة رغباتك
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AWID’s Tribute is an art exhibition honouring feminists, women’s rights and social justice activists from around the world who are no longer with us.
In 2020, we are taking a turn
This year’s tribute tells stories and shares narratives about those who co-created feminist realities, have offered visions of alternatives to systems and actors that oppress us, and have proposed new ways of organising, mobilising, fighting, working, living, and learning.
49 new portraits of feminists and Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) are added to the gallery. While many of those we honour have passed away due to old age or illness, too many have been killed as a result of their work and who they are.
This increasing violence (by states, corporations, organized crime, unknown gunmen...) is not only aimed at individual activists but at our joint work and feminist realities.
The stories of activists we honour keep their legacy alive and carry their inspiration forward into our movements’ future work.
The portraits of the 2020 edition are designed by award winning illustrator and animator, Louisa Bertman.
AWID would like to thank the families and organizations who shared their personal stories and contributed to this memorial. We join them in continuing the remarkable work of these activists and WHRDs and forging efforts to ensure justice is achieved in cases that remain in impunity.
“They tried to bury us. They didn’t know we were seeds.” - Mexican Proverb
The Tribute was first launched in 2012
It took shape with a physical exhibit of portraits and biographies of feminists and activists who passed away at AWID’s 12th International Forum, in Turkey. It now lives as an online gallery, updated every year.
In September 2015, the Association of Hungarian Sex Workers (SZEXE) celebrated 15 years of work in the struggle for sex worker rights, the protection of sex workers, and the dismantlement of stigma.
SZEXE was established by predominantly street-based Roma sex workers and their allies who joined together to protest the introduction of a law regulating sex work. This is often described as the beginning of sex work activism in Hungary.
‘Tolerance Zones’
The law SZEXE protested was “drafted in order to push sex workers, mainly of Roma origin, out of the Józsefváros, Budapest’s 8th district, so that it could undergo rehabilitation and properties could be privatised more easily.” According to this law, municipalities counting a population of more than 50,000 or areas where sex work is considered to be pervasive had to identify the so-called ‘tolerance zones’. It was declared illegal to engage in sex work outside of these specified zones, however Hungarian authorities were reluctant to identify these zones. This pushed a significant number of sex workers towards illegal activity with a large proportion of them being fined or detained.
To further aggravate the difficult position of sex workers, there was an antagonistic relationship with the police:
“Sex workers fear the police rather than being able to depend on them for protection from violence or other crimes.” – SZEXE
Challenging Mistreatment
One of SZEXE’ priorities is to provide legal aid to sex workers, and the organisation has since its existence initiated numerous legal actions resulting in court orders for some districts of Budapest to “identify quasi-tolerance zones”. In spite of these orders, SZEXE has repeatedly witnessed and documented the mistreatment of sex workers by the police.
“Police took advantage of the lack of legal certainty surrounding these tolerance zones and unfairly targeted sex workers with fines in order to fill their quotas.” - SZEXE
In hundreds of cases, SZEXE has successfully challenged “the arbitrary fining and detention practices of the police.”
Since Hungary joined the EU in 2004, the association has also implemented innovative pioneering projects to “foster self-organisation of the community, to empower sex workers in providing HIV-related and paralegal services for their peers and become vocal advocates against marginalisation and poverty from grants of the European Social Fund”.
SZEXE also supports sex workers with peer education, migration counselling, community-based health services and entrepreneurial skills development, and has strengthened its national and international advocacy levels. As a result of its lobbying efforts and the production of a shadow report, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) called on the Hungarian government to “adopt measures aimed at preventing discrimination against sex workers and ensure that legislation on their rights to safe working conditions is guaranteed at national and local levels”.
Hungary’s shrinking civil society
Despite battles won and numerous achievements so far, “the situation of sex workers and their mobilisation has worsened in recent years in Hungary”, according to SZEXE. As a result of the present right-wing government’s crackdown on civil society and specific NGOs, SZEXE is among the organisations that has lost “all major sources of domestic funding in a shrinking civil society space” whereas pro-government NGOs have been financed through a funding scheme to support ‘traditional family values and national identity building/strengthening’.
Another part of this worrying trend is a 2012 misdemeanour law, which has a disproportionate effect on marginalised groups including the Roma population, homeless persons, drug users and sex workers. The law has led to discrimination and disproportionate policing of sex workers who face “fines for non-compliance with vague sex work regulations or arbitrary fines…”. SZEXE states that in 2012 alone, over 14,000 misdemeanor cases were initiated against sex workers. This situation is compounded by the fact that sex workers have been left even more vulnerable by the lack of government’s commitment to address their right to health.
Inclusive movement(s)
In order to continue challenging discrimination, stigma and violation of human rights (not just in Hungary but globally), inclusive, diverse and strong movements must be built and sustained. SZEXE joined AWID as a member as a result of its participation in the 2012 AWID International Forum.
“The gathering was truly inspirational for SZEXE’s colleagues as it was the first time when they connected with the international feminist movement and learned about the – sometimes very similar – struggles of women worldwide.” – SZEXE
SZEXE’s participation in the Forum reinforced its awareness of the powerful possibilities of collective mobilisation within the global women’s rights movement(s). The organisation, “inspired by diverse voices and causes in the movement, speaks out against sexism, whorephobia, homophobia and transphobia, racism and classism present in too many societies.”
“SZEXE aims to contribute to a feminist movement that is inclusive of those women's needs and voices, who are often left behind by civil society groups and policy-making, for instance trans women, sex workers or migrants.” - SZEXE
Watch “Sex Workers Against the Tide” (Hungarian with English subtitles)
En septiembre de 2015, la Asociación de Trabajadorxs Sexuales de Hungría (SZEXE en su idioma original) celebró sus 15 años de trabajo en la lucha por afirmar los derechos y proteger a lxs trabajadorxs sexuales, así como por desmantelar el estigma contra ellxs
A SZEXE la crearon trabajadorxs sexuales sobre todo romaníes que trabajaban en la calle y sus aliadas, que se unieron para protestar por la sanción de una ley regulando el trabajo sexual. Se considera que el activismo por el trabajo sexual en Hungría comenzó en ese momento.
‘Zonas de tolerancia'
La ley contra la que protestó SZEXE fue «redactada para sacar a lxs trabajadorxs sexuales, sobre todo las de origen romaní, del octavo distrito de Budapest, Józsefváros, para poder mejorarlo y que resultara más fácil privatizar las propiedades en esa zona». Según esa ley, los municipios con más de 50 000 habitantes o con zonas con gran presencia de prostitución tenían que definir las llamadas 'zonas de tolerancia'. Ejercer el trabajo sexual fuera de esas zonas específicas pasó a ser ilegal, pero las autoridades se resistieron a definir dichas zonas. El resultado de esto fue que la actividad de un número significativo de trabajadorxs sexuales pasó a ser ilegal y muchas de ellxs fueron multadxs o arrestadxs.
La relación hostil que mantenían con la policía agravó aún más su situación:
«Lxs trabajadorxs sexuales no recurren a la policía en busca de protección frente a la violencia o a otros delitos sino que le temen» – SZEXE
Enfrentándose al maltrato
Una de las prioridades de SZEXE es brindar ayuda legal a las trabajadorxs sexuales y desde su comienzo la organización ha iniciado muchas acciones legales que llevaron a varios distritos de Budapest a verse obligados a 'identificar zonas de casi-tolerancia'. Pese a estos veredictos, SZEXE ha presenciado y documentado numerosos incidentes de maltrato policial contra trabajadorxs sexuales.
«La policía aprovechó la falta de certeza jurídica en torno a las zonas de tolerancia y en forma injusta se dedicó a multar a trabajadorxs sexuales para cumplir con sus cuotas».- SZEXE
En cientos de casos, SZEXE ha logrado cuestionar «las multas y detenciones arbitrarias realizadas por la policía».
Desde que Hungría se sumó a la Unión Europea en 2004, la asociación también comenzó a implementar proyectos pioneros e innovadores para «estimular procesos organizativos autónomos en la comunidad, empoderar a las trabajadorxs sexuales para que brinden servicios a sus pares en áreas como el VIH o como auxiliares jurídicas y hacer que se conviertan en defensoras activas frente a la marginación y la pobreza, todo esto con el apoyo del Fondo Social Europeo».
SZEXE también apoya a las trabajadorxs sexuales brindándoles educación entre pares, consejerías para migrantes, servicios de salud comunitaria y capacitación como emprendedorxs. También ha fortalecido su incidencia a nivel nacional e internacional. Como producto de sus esfuerzos de lobby y del informe sombra que redactaron, el Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer (CEDAW) consideró «preocupante la discriminación contra las trabajadorxs sexuales y la inexistencia en el Estado de medidas destinadas a garantizarles condiciones laborales seguras».
La reducción del espacio para la sociedad civil en Hungría
Pese a las batallas ganadas y los numerosos logros alcanzados hasta ahora, «la situación de lxs trabajadorxs sexuales y su grado de movilización han empeorado en los últimos años en Hungría», según SZEXE. Como producto de la represión contra la sociedad civil que está llevando adelante el gobierno actual (de derecha), SZEXE es una de las organizaciones que han perdido «todas sus principales fuentes domésticas de financiamiento en un contexto donde se está reduciendo el espacio para la sociedad civil», mientras que a las ONG pro-gobierno se las financia a través de programas para apoyar «los valores tradicionales de la familia y la construcción /fortalecimiento de la identidad nacional».
Otro aspecto de esta tendencia preocupante es la ley de contravenciones promulgada en 2012, que tuvo un efecto desproporcionado sobre los grupos marginados como la población romaní, las personas sin hogar, usuarias/os de drogas y trabajadorxs sexuales. Esa ley generó discriminación y una vigilancia policial desproporcionada sobre lxs trabajadorxs sexuales que «reciben multas por violar regulaciones formuladas en forma vaga acerca del trabajo sexual o directamente en forma arbitraria...». SZEXE afirma que solo en 2012 se iniciaron más de 14 000 causas por contravenciones contra trabajadorxs sexuales. Esta situación se agrava por el hecho de que la falta de compromiso gubernamental con su derecho a la salud las ha colocado en una posición aún más vulnerable.
Movimiento(s) incluyente(s)
Para continuar desafiando la discriminación, el estigma y las violaciones a los derechos humanos (no solo en Hungría sino en todo el mundo) es necesario construir y sostener movimientos incluyentes, diversos y fuertes. SZEXE se afilió a AWID tras participar en el Foro Internacional de AWID 2012.
«Esa reunión constituyó una gran inspiración para las compañeras de SZEXE, que por primera vez se vincularon con el movimiento feminista internacional y conocieron las luchas de las mujeres en distintas partes del mundo, a veces muy similares a las suyas». – SZEXE
La participación de SZEXE en el Foro hizo que sus integrantes reforzaran su percepción acerca de las posibilidades de movilización colectiva dentro del movimiento (o los movimientos) mundial(es) por los derechos de las mujeres. «Inspiradas por la diversidad de voces y de causas en el movimiento, nuestra organización alza su voz contra el sexismo, la putafobia, la homofobia y la transfobia, el racismo y el odio de clase presentes en demasiadas sociedades».
«SZEXE quiere contribuir a un movimiento feminista que incluya las necesidades y voces de aquellas mujeres a las que los grupos de la sociedad civil y quienes formulan políticas muchas veces dejan de lado, como las mujeres trans*, trabajadoras sexuales o migrantes.»- SZEXE
Mira el video «Sex Workers Against the Tide» (en húngaro, con subtítulos en inglés)
L’activisme pour les droits et la protection des travailleuses-eurs du sexe en Hongrie
En septembre 2015, l'Association hongroise des travailleuses-eurs du sexe (SZEXE) a célébré 15 ans de travail au service de la lutte pour les droits des travailleuses-eurs du sexe, pour leur protection et contre leur stigmatisation.
SZEXE a été créée par des travailleuses du sexe, pour la plupart d’origine rom et travaillant dans la rue, qui se sont réunies avec leurs allié-e-s pour protester contre l'introduction d'une loi réglementant le travail du sexe. Cette action est souvent décrite comme marquant le début de l'activisme sur le travail du sexe en Hongrie.
« Zones de tolérance »
La loi contre laquelle SZEXE a protesté a été « rédigée afin de pousser les travailleuses-eurs du sexe, principalement d'origine rom, à quitter Józsefváros, le 8ème arrondissement de Budapest, de sorte que la zone puisse être réhabilitée et que les bâtiments publics puissent être privatisées plus facilement ». Selon cette loi, les municipalités qui comptent une population de plus de 50.000 personnes ou des quartiers où le travail du sexe est considéré comme envahissant devaient délimiter des soi-disant «zones de tolérance». Il a été déclaré illégal de proposer des services sexuels en dehors de ces zones alors que les autorités hongroises étaient réticentes à les identifier. Cela a poussé un nombre important de travailleuses-eurs du sexe vers l'activité illégale, un grand nombre d’entre elles ayant été condamnées à une amende ou placées en détention.
Pour aggraver encore la situation, les travailleuses-eurs du sexe entretiennent des rapports hostiles avec la police :
«Les travailleuses-eurs du sexe craignent la police, plutôt que de pouvoir compter sur elle pour les défendre contre des actes de violence ou d'autres crimes. » – SZEXE
Mettre la maltraitance au défi
L'une des priorités de SZEXE est de fournir une aide juridique aux travailleuses-eurs du sexe : Depuis sa création, l'organisation a initié de nombreuses actions en justice devant les tribunaux. En conséquence, certains districts de Budapest se sont vus obligés « d’identifier des zones de quasi-tolérance ». En dépit de ces décisions, SZEXE a été témoin à de nombreuses reprises de mauvais traitements à l’égard des travailleuses-eurs du sexe par la police et a constitué des dossiers d’information à leur sujet.
« La police a profité de l'absence de certitudes en matière juridique concernant ces zones de tolérance et les travailleuses-eurs du sexe ont été ciblées injustement afin de permettre à la police d’atteindre ses quotas d’amendes ». - SZEXE
SZEXE a contesté avec succès des centaines « d’amendes et de détentions arbitraires pratiquées par la police. »
Depuis que la Hongrie a rejoint l'UE en 2004, l'association a également mis en œuvre des projets pilotes innovants pour « favoriser l'auto-organisation de la communauté, pour autonomiser les travailleuses-eurs du sexe en leur fournissant des services juridiques et des services associés au VIH et en s’exprimant ouvertement contre la marginalisation et la pauvreté. Ces projets ont bénéficié de subventions du Fonds social européen ».
SZEXE soutient également les travailleuses-eurs du sexe en proposant de la formation par des pairs, des conseils en matière de migration, des services de santé communautaires, le développement des compétences entrepreneuriales et renforcé son travail de plaidoyer au niveau national et international. À la suite de ces efforts de lobbying et à la production d'un rapport alternatif, le Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes (CEDAW) a appelé le gouvernement hongrois à « adopter des mesures visant à prévenir la discrimination contre les travailleuses-eurs du sexe et de veiller à ce que la législation sur leurs droits à des conditions de travail sûres soit garantie aux niveaux local et national ".
Une société civile hongroise sur le déclin
En dépit des nombreuses batailles et victoires remportées à ce jour, "la situation des travailleuses-eurs du sexe et leur mobilisation a décliné au cours des dernières années en Hongrie", selon SZEXE. Etant donné les mesures de répression contre la société civile et contre certaines ONGs par l'actuel gouvernement d'extrême-droite, SZEXE se retrouve parmi les organisations qui ont perdu « toutes ses principales sources de financement national dans un contexte de rétrécissement de l’espace d’expression de la société civile ». Les ONG pro-gouvernementales, quant à elles, bénéficient d’une ligne budgétaire destinée à soutenir les « valeurs familiales traditionnelles et (le renforcement de) l'identité nationale ».
Une autre facette de cette tendance inquiétante est une loi sur les délits de 2012, qui a un effet dévastateur sur les groupes marginalisés, y compris la population rom, les personnes sans-abri, les toxicomanes et les travailleuses-eurs du sexe. Cette loi a favorisé la discrimination et un contrôle disproportionné des travailleuses-eurs du sexe qui reçoivent « des amendes pour non-respect de réglementations vagues ou arbitraires en matière de travail du sexe ». SZEXE déclare qu’en 2012 seulement, plus de 14.000 cas de délit ont été enregistrés contre les travailleuses-eurs du sexe. Cette situation est aggravée par le fait qu’en l'absence d'engagement du gouvernement pour répondre à leur droit à la santé, les travailleuses-eurs du sexe sont encore plus vulnérables qu’avant.
Mouvement(s) inclusifs
être créés et soutenus pour continuer à contester les discriminations, les stigmatisations et les violations des droits humains (pas seulement en Hongrie, mais à l'échelle mondiale). SZEXE a rejoint l’AWID comme membre suite à sa participation au Forum international de l’AWID en 2012.
"Ce rassemblement a vraiment été une source d'inspiration pour les collègues de SZEXE, c’était la première fois qu’elles ont eu l’occasion d’entrer en contact avec le mouvement féministe international et d’en apprendre plus sur les luttes des femmes, parfois très similaires, dans le monde" - SZEXE
La participation de SZEXE au Forum a renforcé sa prise de conscience du potentiel de mobilisation collective qui existe au sein du (des) mouvement(s) pour les droits des femmes. L'organisation, « inspirée par la diversité des voix et des causes du mouvement, s’exprime ouvertement contre le sexisme, la whorephobia, l'homophobie et la transphobie, le racisme et les préjugés sociaux que l’on retrouve dans trop de sociétés. »
« SZEXE vise à contribuer à un mouvement féministe qui soit inclusif des besoins et des voix des femmes qui sont souvent laissées pour compte par les mouvements issus de la société civile et par les politiques, comme c’est le cas par exemple des femmes trans*, des travailleuses du sexe et des migrantes.» - SZEXE
Visionnez le film "Sex Workers Against the Tide" (travailleuses-eurs du sexe à contre-courant), en anglais, avec sous-titres hongrois.
We ramped up preparations for the 13th AWID international Forum, focused a lot of energy on the Post 2015 Development Agenda and Financing for Development processes, and continued the core work of our priority areas:
We continue witnessing the rapid breakdown in democracy and democratic institutions, with spaces for dissent shrinking.
Multiple and concurrent systemic crises (energy, food, finance and climate) continue to deepen inequalities and pose major challenges.
Corporations are a leading power in determining the development agenda.
Violence against WHRDs remains an urgent problem.
Religious fundamentalisms are pervasive and increasingly powerful.
New forms of online gender-based violence have emerged.
In response, we are moving out of our silos.
Increasingly, women’s rights and other movements worldwide are articulating the systemic and intersectional nature of these and other problems. We are making better connections with the agendas of other social and environmental movements for solidarity, alliance building and collective responses. We are also seeing greater visibility of these movements fighting for justice on the ground.
Our Impact
For effective strategizing and advocacy, we need facts
To exchange knowledge and join hands in solidarity, we need a strong online community
To build our collective power, we need to work together
To influence international processes, we need to increase our access and voice
To reposition power we need to give visibility and emphasize the important role that feminist and women’s rights movements are already playing
